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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K
 
þ	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006
OR
 
¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file number 1-5975

HUMANA INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	 	61-0647538	
(State of incorporation)	 	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)	
 	 	
500 West Main Street	 	 	
Louisville, Kentucky	 	40202	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (502) 580-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	 	Name of exchange on which registered	
Common stock, $0.16  2/3 par value	 	New York Stock Exchange	
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  þ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   þ     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   þ
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act: (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ        Accelerated filer¨        Non-accelerated filer¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  þ
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2006 was $8,784,278,391 calculated using the average price on such date of $53.72.
The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock as of January 31, 2007 was 166,720,633.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Parts I, II and III incorporate herein by reference portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A covering the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held April 26, 2007.

Table of Contents
HUMANA INC.
INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2006

  	  	Page	
 	  	Part I	  	 	
Item 1.	  	Business	  	3	
Item 1A.	  	Risk Factors	  	16	
Item 1B.	  	Unresolved Staff Comments	  	26	
Item 2.	  	Properties	  	26	
Item 3.	  	Legal Proceedings	  	27	
Item 4.	  	Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders	  	27	
 	 	 	
 	  	Part II	  	 	
Item 5.	  	Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	  	28	
Item 6.	  	Selected Financial Data	  	30	
Item 7.	  	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	  	31	
Item 7A.	  	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	  	60	
Item 8.	  	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	  	61	
Item 9.	  	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	  	96	
Item 9A.	  	Controls and Procedures	  	96	
Item 9B.	  	Other Information	  	97	
 	 	 	
 	  	Part III	  	 	
Item 10.	  	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	  	98	
Item 11.	  	Executive Compensation	  	100	
Item 12.	  	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	  	101	
Item 13.	  	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	  	101	
Item 14.	  	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	  	101	
 	 	 	
 	  	Part IV	  	 	
Item 15.	  	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	  	102	
 	  	Signatures and Certifications	  	112	

Table of Contents
PART I
 
ITEM 1.	BUSINESS	
General
Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, Humana Inc., referred to throughout this document as “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “Humana,” is one of the nation’s largest publicly traded health benefits companies, based on our 2006 revenues of $21.4 billion. We offer coordinated health insurance coverage and related services through a variety of traditional and consumer-choice plans for government-sponsored programs, employer groups, and individuals. As of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 11.3 million members in our medical benefit programs, as well as approximately 1.9 million members in our specialty products programs. During 2006, 67% of our premiums and administrative services fees were derived from contracts with the federal government, including 17% related to our contracts in Florida with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, and 12% related to our TRICARE contracts. Under our CMS contracts in Florida, we provide health insurance coverage to approximately 518,900 members as of December 31, 2006.
We were organized as a Delaware corporation in 1964. Our principal executive offices are located at 500 West Main Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, the telephone number at that address is (502) 580-1000, and our website address is www.humana.com.
We adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, or SFAS 123R, on January 1, 2006. We have adjusted prior period amounts to reflect the effect of expensing stock awards under the modified retrospective application method of SFAS 123R as discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains both historical and forward-looking information. See Item 1A.—Risk Factors for a description of a number of factors that could adversely affect our results or business.
Business Segments
We manage our business with two segments: Government and Commercial. The Government segment consists of members enrolled in government-sponsored programs, and includes three lines of business: Medicare, TRICARE, and Medicaid. The Commercial segment consists of members enrolled in products marketed to employer groups and individuals, and includes two lines of business: medical (fully and self insured) and specialty. We identified our segments in accordance with the aggregation provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 131,  Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information , or SFAS 131, which is consistent with information used by our Chief Executive Officer in managing our business. The segment information aggregates products with similar economic characteristics. These characteristics include the nature of customer groups and pricing, benefits and underwriting requirements.
The results of each segment are measured by income before income taxes. We allocate all selling, general and administrative expenses, investment and other income, interest expense, and goodwill, but no other assets or liabilities, to our segments. Members served by our two segments often utilize the same medical provider networks, enabling us to obtain more favorable contract terms with providers. Our segments also share overhead costs and assets. As a result, the profitability of each segment is interdependent. We believe our customer, membership, revenue, and pretax income diversification across segments and products allows us to increase our chances of success.
 
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Our Products
As more fully described in the products discussion that follows, we provide health insurance benefits under health maintenance organization, or HMO, Private Fee-For-Service, or PFFS, and preferred provider organization, or PPO, plans. The following table presents our segment membership at December 31, 2006, and premiums and administrative services only, or ASO, fees by product for the year ended December 31, 2006:

 	 	Medical
Membership	 	Specialty
Membership	 	Premiums	 	ASO Fees	 	Total
Premiums and
ASO Fees	 	Percent of
Total
Premiums
and ASO
Fees	 	
 	 	(dollars in thousands)	 	
Government:	 	 	 	
Medicare Advantage:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
HMO	 	457,900	 	—  	 	$	4,869,044	 	$	—  	 	$	4,869,044	 	23.1	%	
PFFS	 	473,000	 	—  	 	 	3,136,200	 	 	—  	 	 	3,136,200	 	14.9	%	
PPO	 	71,700	 	—  	 	 	493,820	 	 	—  	 	 	493,820	 	2.3	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Medicare Advantage	 	1,002,600	 	—  	 	 	8,499,064	 	 	—  	 	 	8,499,064	 	40.3	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medicare stand-alone PDP	 	3,536,600	 	—  	 	 	3,050,304	 	 	—  	 	 	3,050,304	 	14.5	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Medicare	 	4,539,200	 	—  	 	 	11,549,368	 	 	—  	 	 	11,549,368	 	54.8	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medicaid	 	390,700	 	—  	 	 	520,520	 	 	—  	 	 	520,520	 	2.5	%	
Medicaid ASO	 	178,400	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	1,423	 	 	1,423	 	—  	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Medicaid	 	569,100	 	—  	 	 	520,520	 	 	1,423	 	 	521,943	 	2.5	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
TRICARE	 	1,716,400	 	—  	 	 	2,543,930	 	 	—  	 	 	2,543,930	 	12.1	%	
TRICARE ASO	 	1,163,600	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	48,019	 	 	48,019	 	0.2	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total TRICARE	 	2,880,000	 	—  	 	 	2,543,930	 	 	48,019	 	 	2,591,949	 	12.3	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Government	 	7,988,300	 	—  	 	 	14,613,818	 	 	49,442	 	 	14,663,260	 	69.6	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fully insured:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
PPO	 	1,246,500	 	—  	 	 	3,684,442	 	 	—  	 	 	3,684,442	 	17.4	%	
HMO	 	507,700	 	—  	 	 	2,019,936	 	 	—  	 	 	2,019,936	 	9.6	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fully insured	 	1,754,200	 	—  	 	 	5,704,378	 	 	—  	 	 	5,704,378	 	27.0	%	
ASO	 	1,529,600	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	291,769	 	 	291,769	 	1.4	%	
Specialty	 	—  	 	1,902,800	 	 	410,986	 	 	—  	 	 	410,986	 	2.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Commercial	 	3,283,800	 	1,902,800	 	 	6,115,364	 	 	291,769	 	 	6,407,133	 	30.4	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	11,272,100	 	1,902,800	 	$	20,729,182	 	$	341,211	 	$	21,070,393	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Our Products Marketed to Government Segment Members and Beneficiaries
Medicare Advantage Products
Medicare is a federal program that provides persons age 65 and over and some disabled persons under the age of 65 certain hospital and medical insurance benefits. Hospitalization benefits are provided under Part A, without the payment of any premium, for up to 90 days per incident of illness plus a lifetime reserve aggregating 60 days. Eligible beneficiaries are required to pay an annually adjusted premium to the federal government to be eligible for physician care and other services under Part B. Beneficiaries eligible for Part A and Part B coverage under traditional Medicare are still required to pay out-of-pocket deductibles and coinsurance. Prescription drug benefits are provided under Part D. CMS, an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, administers the Medicare program.
 
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We contract with CMS under the Medicare Advantage program to provide a comprehensive array of health insurance benefits including wellness programs to Medicare eligible persons under HMO, PPO, and PFFS plans in exchange for contractual payments received from CMS, usually a fixed payment per member per month. We refer to beneficiaries enrolled in these plans collectively as Medicare Advantage or MA-PD members. With each of these products, the beneficiary receives benefits in excess of traditional Medicare, typically including reduced cost sharing, enhanced prescription drug benefits, care coordination, data mining techniques to help identify member needs, complex case management, tools to guide members in their health care decisions, disease management programs, wellness and prevention programs, and a reduced monthly Part B premium. Since 2006, Medicare beneficiaries have had more health plan options, including a prescription drug benefit option and greater access to a PPO offering with the roll-out of Regional PPO plans. Prior to 2006, PPO plans were offered on a local basis only. Most Medicare Advantage plans must offer the prescription drug benefit under Part D as part of the basic plan, subject to cost sharing and other limitations. Accordingly, all of the provisions of the Medicare Part D program described in connection with our stand-alone prescription drug plans in the following section are also applicable to our Medicare Advantage plans. Medicare Advantage plans may charge beneficiaries monthly premiums and other copayments for Medicare-covered services or for certain extra benefits.
Our Medicare HMO and PPO plans, which cover Medicare-eligible individuals residing in certain counties, may eliminate or reduce coinsurance or the level of deductibles on many other medical services while seeking care from participating in-network providers, or in emergency situations. Except in emergency situations, HMO plans provide no out-of-network benefits. PPO plans carry an out-of network benefit that is subject to higher member cost-sharing. In many cases, these beneficiaries also may be required to pay a monthly premium to the HMO or PPO plan, in addition to the monthly Part B premium they are required to pay the Medicare program.
Our Medicare PFFS plans have no preferred network. Individuals in these plans pay us a monthly premium to receive typical Medicare Advantage benefits along with the freedom to choose any health care provider that accepts individuals at reimbursement rates equivalent to traditional Medicare payment rates.
CMS uses monthly rates per person for each county to determine the fixed monthly payments per member to pay to health benefit plans. These rates are adjusted under CMS’s risk adjustment model which uses health status indicators, or risk scores, to improve the accuracy of payment. The risk adjustment model, which CMS implemented pursuant to the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA) and the Benefits and Improvement Protection Act of 2000 (BIPA), uses principal hospital inpatient diagnoses as well as diagnosis data from ambulatory treatment settings (hospital outpatient department and physician visits). CMS has transitioned to this risk-based reimbursement model while the old reimbursement model based on demographic data including gender, age, and disability status was phased out. In 2006, the portion of risk adjusted payment was increased to 75%, from 50% in 2005. The phase-in of risk adjusted payment has increased to 100% in 2007. Under the risk adjustment methodology, all health benefit organizations must capture, collect, and submit the necessary diagnosis code information to CMS within prescribed deadlines.
Commensurate with phase-in of the risk-adjustment methodology, payments to Medicare Advantage plans were increased by a “budget neutrality” factor. The budget neutrality factor was implemented to prevent overall health plan payments from being reduced during the transition from the previous reimbursement model, based upon average original Medicare fee-for-service spending, to the risk-adjustment payment model. The payment adjustments for budget neutrality were first developed in 2002 and first used with the 2003 payments.
The budget neutrality adjustment began phasing out in 2007 and will be fully eliminated by 2011. This does not mean, however, that the aggregate per-member payments to Medicare plans will be reduced. As plans enroll less healthy beneficiaries, the need for the budget neutrality adjustment declines as the underlying risk adjusted Medicare rates paid to plans increase to account for their enrollees’ greater healthcare needs. As a result of changes in the CMS payment processes, including the phasing in of the risk adjustment methodology and the phasing out of the budget neutrality adjustment described previously, our CMS payments per member may change materially, either favorably or unfavorably.
 
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At December 31, 2006, we provided health insurance coverage under CMS contracts to approximately 1,002,600 MA-PD members for which we received premium revenues of approximately $8.5 billion, or 40.3% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006. Under our Medicare Advantage contracts with CMS in Florida, we provided health insurance coverage to approximately 324,600 members. These contracts accounted for premium revenues of approximately $3.5 billion, which represented approximately 41.2% of our Medicare Advantage premium revenues, or 16.6% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Our HMO, PFFS, and PPO products covered under Medicare Advantage contracts with CMS are renewed generally for a one-year term each December 31 unless CMS notifies Humana of its decision not to renew by May 1 of the contract year, or Humana notifies CMS of its decision not to renew by the first Monday in June of the contract year.
Medicare Stand-Alone Prescription Drug Products
On January 1, 2006, we began offering stand-alone prescription drug plans, or PDPs, under Medicare Part D. Generally, Medicare-eligible individuals enroll in one of our three plan choices between November 15 and December 31 for coverage that begins January 1. The enrollment period was extended to May 31 during 2006 because it was the first year of the program. Our stand-alone PDP offerings consist of plans offering basic coverage with benefits mandated by Congress, as well as plans providing enhanced coverage with varying degrees of out-of-pocket costs for premiums, deductibles and co-insurance. Our revenues from CMS and the beneficiary are determined from our bids submitted annually to CMS. These revenues also reflect the health status of the beneficiary and risk sharing provisions as more fully described beginning on page 55. Our stand-alone PDP contracts with CMS are renewed generally for a one-year term each December 31 unless CMS notifies Humana of its decision not to renew by May 1 of the contract year, or Humana notifies CMS of its decision not to renew by the first Monday in June of the contract year.
Medicare Presence
We now have a national presence, offering our Medicare PFFS and stand-alone PDP products in all 50 states. The following table sets forth the number of markets in which we sold our Medicare Advantage and stand-alone PDP products as of January 1, 2007, as compared with January 1, 2006 and 2005:

 	  	2007	  	2006	  	2005	
PFFS (states)	  	50	  	35	  	35	
HMO (localities)	  	12	  	12	  	12	
Regional PPO (states)	  	23	  	23	  	—  	
Local PPO (localities)	  	26	  	33	  	30	
Stand-alone PDP (states)	  	50	  	46	  	—  	
In addition, we market our HMO and PFFS products in Puerto Rico as well as our stand-alone PDP products in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
Medicaid Product
Medicaid is a federal program that is state-operated to facilitate the delivery of health care services primarily to low-income residents. Each electing state develops, through a state specific regulatory agency, a Medicaid managed care initiative that must be approved by CMS. CMS requires that Medicaid managed care plans meet federal standards and cost no more than the amount that would have been spent on a comparable fee-for-service basis. States currently either use a formal proposal process in which they review many bidders before selecting one or award individual contracts to qualified bidders who apply for entry to the program. In either case, the contractual relationship with a state generally is for a one-year period. Under these contracts, we receive a fixed monthly payment from a government agency for which we are required to provide health insurance coverage to
 
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enrolled members. Due to the increased emphasis on state health care reform and budgetary constraints, more states are utilizing a managed care product in their Medicaid programs.
Our Medicaid business, which accounted for approximately 2.5% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006, consisted of contracts in Puerto Rico and Florida, with the Puerto Rico contract representing 75.2% of total Medicaid premiums and ASO fees.
TRICARE
TRICARE provides health insurance coverage to the dependents of active duty military personnel and to retired military personnel and their dependents. Currently, three health benefit options are available to TRICARE beneficiaries. In addition to a traditional indemnity option, participants may enroll in an HMO-like plan with a point-of-service option or take advantage of reduced copayments by using a network of preferred providers, similar to a PPO.
We have participated in the TRICARE program since 1996 under contracts with the United States Department of Defense. Our current TRICARE South Region contract, which we were awarded in 2003, covers approximately 2.9 million eligible beneficiaries as of December 31, 2006 in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas and Oklahoma. The South Region is one of the three regions in the United States as defined by the Department of Defense. Of these eligible beneficiaries, 1.2 million were TRICARE ASO members representing active duty beneficiaries, seniors over the age of 65 and beneficiaries in Puerto Rico for which the Department of Defense retains all of the risk of financing the cost of their health benefit. The TRICARE South Region contract is for a five-year period subject to annual renewals at the federal government’s option, with the fourth option period scheduled to begin April 1, 2007. We have subcontracted with third parties to provide selected administration and specialty services under the contract.
The TRICARE South Region contract contains provisions that require us to negotiate a target health care cost amount annually with the federal government. Any variance from the target health care cost is shared with the federal government. As such, events and circumstances not contemplated in the negotiated target health care cost amount could have a material adverse effect on our business. These changes may include, for example, an increase or reduction in the number of persons enrolled or eligible to enroll due to the federal government’s decision to increase or decrease U.S. military deployments. In the event government reimbursements were to decline from projected amounts, our failure to reduce the health care costs associated with these programs could have a material adverse effect on our business.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, TRICARE premium revenues were approximately $2.5 billion, or 12.1% of our total premiums and ASO fees, and TRICARE ASO fees totaled $48.0 million, or 0.2% of our total premiums and ASO fees.
Our Products Marketed to Commercial Segment Employers and Members
Consumer-Choice Products
Over the last several years, we have developed and offered various commercial products designed to provide options and choices to employers that are annually facing substantial premium increases driven by double-digit medical cost inflation. These consumer-choice products, which can be offered on either a fully insured or ASO basis, provided coverage to approximately 437,900 members at December 31, 2006, representing approximately 13.3% of our total commercial medical membership as detailed below.

 	  	Consumer-Choice
Membership	  	Other Commercial
Membership	  	Commercial
Medical
Membership	
Fully insured	  	231,900	  	1,522,300	  	1,754,200	
ASO	  	206,000	  	1,323,600	  	1,529,600	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Total Commercial medical	  	437,900	  	2,845,900	  	3,283,800	

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These products are often offered to employer groups as “bundles”, where the subscribers are offered various HMO and PPO options, with various employer contribution strategies as determined by the employer.
Paramount to our consumer-choice product strategy, we have developed a group of innovative consumer products, styled as “Smart” products, that we believe will be a long-term solution for employers. We believe this new generation of products provides more (1) choices for the individual consumer, (2) transparency of provider costs, and (3) benefit designs that engage consumers in the costs and effectiveness of health care choices. Innovative tools and technology are available to assist consumers with these decisions, including the trade-offs between higher premiums and point-of-service costs at the time consumers choose their plans, and to suggest ways in which the consumers can maximize their individual benefits at the point they use their plans. We believe that when consumers can make informed choices about the cost and effectiveness of their health care, a sustainable long term solution for employers can be realized. Smart products, which accounted for approximately 63% of enrollment in all of our consumer-choice plans as of December 31, 2006, are only sold to employers who use Humana as their sole health insurance carrier.
Some employers have selected other types of consumer-choice products, such as, (1) a product with a high deductible, (2) a catastrophic coverage plan, or (3) ones that offer a spending account option in conjunction with more traditional medical coverage or as a stand alone plan. Unlike our Smart products, these products, while valuable in helping employers deal with near-term cost increases by shifting costs to employees, are not considered by us to be long-term comprehensive solutions to the employers’ cost dilemma, although we view them as an important interim step.
HMO
Our commercial HMO products provide prepaid health insurance coverage to our members through a network of independent primary care physicians, specialty physicians, and other health care providers who contract with the HMO to furnish such services. Primary care physicians generally include internists, family practitioners, and pediatricians. Generally, the member’s primary care physician must approve access to certain specialty physicians and other health care providers. These other health care providers include, among others, hospitals, nursing homes, home health agencies, pharmacies, mental health and substance abuse centers, diagnostic centers, optometrists, outpatient surgery centers, dentists, urgent care centers, and durable medical equipment suppliers. Because the primary care physician generally must approve access to many of these other health care providers, the HMO product is considered the most restrictive form of a health benefit plan.
An HMO member, typically through the member’s employer, pays a monthly fee, which generally covers, together with some copayments, health care services received from, or approved by, the member’s primary care physician. We participate in the Federal Employee Health Benefits Program, or FEHBP, primarily with our HMO offering in certain markets. FEHBP is the government’s health insurance program for Federal employees, retirees, former employees, family members, and spouses. For the year ended December 31, 2006, commercial HMO premium revenues totaled approximately $2.0 billion, or 9.6% of our total premiums and ASO fees.
PPO
Our commercial PPO products, which are marketed primarily to employer groups and individuals, include some types of wellness and utilization management programs. However, they typically include more cost-sharing with the member, through copayments and annual deductibles. PPOs also are similar to traditional health insurance because they provide a member with more freedom to choose a physician or other health care provider. In a PPO, the member is encouraged, through financial incentives, to use participating health care providers, which have contracted with the PPO to provide services at favorable rates. In the event a member chooses not to use a participating health care provider, the member may be required to pay a greater portion of the provider’s fees.
 
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As part of our PPO products, we offer HumanaOne, a major medical product marketed directly to individuals. We offer this product in select markets where we can generally underwrite risk and utilize our existing networks and distribution channels. This individual product includes provisions mandated by law to guarantee renewal of coverage for as long as the individual chooses.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, employer and individual commercial PPO premium revenues totaled approximately $3.7 billion, or 17.4% of our total premiums and ASO fees.
ASO
In addition to fully insured consumer-choice, HMO and PPO products, we also offer ASO products to employers who self-insure their employee health plans. We receive fees to provide administrative services which generally include the processing of claims, offering access to our provider networks and clinical programs, and responding to customer service inquiries from members of self-funded employers. These products may include all of the same benefit and product design characteristics of our fully insured PPO, HMO or consumer-choice products described previously. Under ASO contracts, self-funded employers retain the risk of financing substantially all of the cost of health benefits. However, most ASO customers purchase stop loss insurance coverage from us to cover catastrophic claims or to limit aggregate annual costs. For the year ended December 31, 2006, commercial ASO fees totaled $291.8 million, or 1.4% of our total premiums and ASO fees.
Specialty Products
We additionally offer various specialty products including dental, life, and short-term disability. At December 31, 2006, we had approximately 1.9 million specialty members, including 1.5 million dental members. For the year ended December 31, 2006, specialty product premium revenues were approximately $411.0 million, or 2.0% of our total premiums and ASO fees.
 
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The following table summarizes our total medical membership at December 31, 2006, by market and product:

 	 	Government	 	Commercial	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Medicare
Advantage	 	Medicare
Stand-alone
PDP	 	Medicaid	 	TRICARE	 	PPO	 	HMO	 	ASO	 	Total	 	Percent
of Total	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Florida	 	324.6	 	194.3	 	46.0	 	—  	 	144.6	 	152.4	 	81.4	 	943.3	 	8.4	%	
Texas	 	56.0	 	265.5	 	—  	 	—  	 	265.0	 	60.5	 	189.4	 	836.4	 	7.4	%	
Kentucky	 	16.5	 	72.5	 	—  	 	—  	 	181.0	 	30.4	 	484.3	 	784.7	 	7.0	%	
Illinois	 	45.1	 	94.2	 	—  	 	—  	 	129.7	 	73.3	 	146.4	 	488.7	 	4.3	%	
Ohio	 	30.6	 	124.9	 	—  	 	—  	 	64.7	 	60.4	 	187.5	 	468.1	 	4.2	%	
Puerto Rico	 	23.7	 	—  	 	344.7	 	—  	 	43.7	 	17.8	 	—  	 	429.9	 	3.8	%	
Wisconsin	 	31.5	 	58.7	 	—  	 	—  	 	70.4	 	35.6	 	199.6	 	395.8	 	3.5	%	
Missouri/Kansas	 	48.8	 	185.2	 	—  	 	—  	 	33.8	 	18.9	 	11.1	 	297.8	 	2.6	%	
California	 	—  	 	269.6	 	—  	 	—  	 	1.5	 	—  	 	—  	 	271.1	 	2.4	%	
Louisiana	 	51.7	 	58.4	 	—  	 	—  	 	34.4	 	21.1	 	102.4	 	268.0	 	2.4	%	
Indiana	 	17.4	 	111.3	 	—  	 	—  	 	53.0	 	0.6	 	50.1	 	232.4	 	2.1	%	
Tennessee	 	16.7	 	103.3	 	—  	 	—  	 	30.1	 	—  	 	35.9	 	186.0	 	1.7	%	
Georgia	 	33.2	 	91.2	 	—  	 	—  	 	23.6	 	27.1	 	1.7	 	176.8	 	1.6	%	
Michigan	 	14.8	 	107.0	 	—  	 	—  	 	50.0	 	—  	 	1.0	 	172.8	 	1.5	%	
North Carolina	 	41.5	 	124.5	 	—  	 	—  	 	4.1	 	—  	 	—  	 	170.1	 	1.5	%	
Arizona	 	29.4	 	50.2	 	—  	 	—  	 	46.6	 	9.6	 	27.4	 	163.2	 	1.4	%	
New York	 	—  	 	139.1	 	—  	 	—  	 	—  	 	—  	 	—  	 	139.1	 	1.2	%	
Pennsylvania	 	10.6	 	120.1	 	—  	 	—  	 	3.6	 	—  	 	—  	 	134.3	 	1.2	%	
Virginia	 	35.0	 	98.4	 	—  	 	—  	 	0.3	 	—  	 	—  	 	133.7	 	1.2	%	
Colorado	 	9.8	 	41.7	 	—  	 	—  	 	50.9	 	—  	 	2.6	 	105.0	 	0.9	%	
Mississippi	 	11.4	 	82.9	 	—  	 	—  	 	8.4	 	—  	 	0.8	 	103.5	 	0.9	%	
Alabama	 	7.4	 	94.1	 	—  	 	—  	 	0.1	 	—  	 	—  	 	101.6	 	0.9	%	
Minnesota	 	26.9	 	73.8	 	—  	 	—  	 	—  	 	—  	 	0.2	 	100.9	 	0.9	%	
Puerto Rico ASO	 	—  	 	—  	 	178.4	 	—  	 	—  	 	—  	 	7.8	 	186.2	 	1.7	%	
TRICARE	 	—  	 	—  	 	—  	 	1,716.4	 	—  	 	—  	 	—  	 	1,716.4	 	15.2	%	
TRICARE ASO	 	—  	 	—  	 	—  	 	1,163.6	 	—  	 	—  	 	—  	 	1,163.6	 	10.3	%	
Others	 	120.0	 	975.7	 	—  	 	—  	 	7.0	 	—  	 	—  	 	1,102.7	 	9.8	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Totals	 	1,002.6	 	3,536.6	 	569.1	 	2,880.0	 	1,246.5	 	507.7	 	1,529.6	 	11,272.1	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provider Arrangements
We provide our members with access to health care services through our networks of health care providers with whom we have contracted, including hospitals and other independent facilities such as outpatient surgery centers, primary care physicians, specialist physicians, dentists and providers of ancillary health care services and facilities. We have approximately 809,000 contracts with health care providers participating in our networks, which consist of approximately 539,800 physicians, 5,300 hospitals, and 263,900 ancillary providers and dentists. These ancillary services and facilities include ambulance services, medical equipment services, home health agencies, mental health providers, rehabilitation facilities, nursing homes, optical services, and pharmacies. Our membership base and the ability to influence where our members seek care generally enable us to obtain contractual discounts with providers.
We use a variety of techniques to provide access to effective and efficient use of health care services for our members. These techniques include the coordination of care for our members, product and benefit designs, hospital inpatient management systems and enrolling members into various disease management programs. The
 
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focal point for health care services in many of our HMO networks is the primary care physician who, under contract with us, provides services to our members, and may control utilization of appropriate services, by directing or approving hospitalization and referrals to specialists and other providers. Some physicians may have arrangements under which they can earn bonuses when certain target goals relating to the provision of quality patient care are met. Our hospitalist programs use specially-trained physicians to effectively manage the entire range of an HMO member’s medical care during a hospital admission and to effectively coordinate the member’s discharge and post-discharge care. We have available a variety of disease management programs related to specific medical conditions such as congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, prenatal and premature infant care, asthma related illness, end stage renal disease, diabetes, cancer, and certain other conditions.
We typically contract with hospitals on either (1) a per diem rate, which is an all-inclusive rate per day, (2) a case rate or diagnosis-related groups (DRG), which is an all-inclusive rate per admission, or (3) a discounted charge for inpatient hospital services. Outpatient hospital services generally are contracted at a flat rate by type of service, ambulatory payment classifications, or APCs, or at a discounted charge. APCs are similar to flat rates except multiple services and procedures may be aggregated into one fixed payment. These contracts are often multi-year agreements, with rates that are adjusted for inflation annually based on the consumer price index or other nationally recognized inflation indexes. Outpatient surgery centers and other ancillary providers typically are contracted at flat rates per service provided or are reimbursed based upon a nationally recognized fee schedule such as the Medicare allowable fee schedule.
Our contracts with physicians typically are renewed automatically each year, unless either party gives written notice, generally ranging from 90 to 120 days, to the other party of their intent to terminate the arrangement. Most of the physicians in our PPO networks and some of our physicians in our HMO networks are reimbursed based upon a fixed fee schedule, which typically provides for reimbursement based upon a percentage of the standard Medicare allowable fee schedule.
Capitation
For 2.4% of our December 31, 2006 medical membership, we contract with hospitals and physicians to accept financial risk for a defined set of HMO membership. In transferring this risk, we prepay these providers a monthly fixed-fee per member, known as a capitation (per capita) payment, to coordinate substantially all of the medical care for their capitated HMO membership, including some health benefit administrative functions and claims processing. For these capitated HMO arrangements, we generally agree to reimbursement rates that target a medical expense ratio, or MER, ranging from 82% to 89%. MER measures underwriting profitability and is computed by taking total medical expenses as a percentage of premium revenues. Providers participating in hospital-based capitated HMO arrangements generally receive a monthly payment for all of the services within their system for their HMO membership. Providers participating in physician-based capitated HMO arrangements generally have subcontracted directly with hospitals and specialist physicians, and are responsible for reimbursing such hospitals and physicians for services rendered to their HMO membership.
For another 4.8% of our December 31, 2006 medical membership, we contract with physicians under risk-sharing arrangements whereby physicians have assumed some level of risk for all or a portion of the medical costs of their HMO membership. Although these arrangements do include capitation payments for services rendered, we process substantially all of the claims under these arrangements.
Physicians under capitation arrangements typically have stop loss coverage so that a physician’s financial risk for any single member is limited to a maximum amount on an annual basis. We monitor the financial performance and solvency of our capitated providers. However, we remain financially responsible for health care services to our members in the event our providers fail to provide such services.
 
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Medical membership under these various arrangements was as follows at December 31, 2006 and 2005:

 	 	Government Segment	 	 	Commercial Segment	 	 	Total
Medical	 	
 	 	Medicare
Advantage	 	 	Medicare
Stand-alone
PDP	 	 	TRICARE	 	 	TRICARE
ASO	 	 	Medicaid	 	 	Total
Segment	 	 	Fully
Insured	 	 	ASO	 	 	Total
Segment	 	 	 	 	
Medical Membership:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2006	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capitated HMO hospital system based	 	29,800	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	29,800	 	 	33,600	 	 	—  	 	 	33,600	 	 	63,400	 	
Capitated HMO physician group based	 	23,900	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	148,300	 	 	172,200	 	 	29,900	 	 	—  	 	 	29,900	 	 	202,100	 	
Risk-sharing	 	279,300	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	239,700	 	 	519,000	 	 	25,900	 	 	—  	 	 	25,900	 	 	544,900	 	
Other	 	669,600	 	 	3,536,600	 	 	1,716,400	 	 	1,163,600	 	 	181,100	 	 	7,267,300	 	 	1,664,800	 	 	1,529,600	 	 	3,194,400	 	 	10,461,700	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	1,002,600	 	 	3,536,600	 	 	1,716,400	 	 	1,163,600	 	 	569,100	 	 	7,988,300	 	 	1,754,200	 	 	1,529,600	 	 	3,283,800	 	 	11,272,100	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2005	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capitated HMO hospital system based	 	35,200	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	35,200	 	 	42,600	 	 	—  	 	 	42,600	 	 	77,800	 	
Capitated HMO physician group based	 	23,300	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	170,400	 	 	193,700	 	 	39,500	 	 	—  	 	 	39,500	 	 	233,200	 	
Risk-sharing	 	230,200	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	274,200	 	 	504,400	 	 	49,700	 	 	—  	 	 	49,700	 	 	554,100	 	
Other	 	269,100	 	 	—  	 	 	1,750,900	 	 	1,138,200	 	 	13,300	 	 	3,171,500	 	 	1,868,000	 	 	1,171,000	 	 	3,039,000	 	 	6,210,500	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	557,800	 	 	—  	 	 	1,750,900	 	 	1,138,200	 	 	457,900	 	 	3,904,800	 	 	1,999,800	 	 	1,171,000	 	 	3,170,800	 	 	7,075,600	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medical Membership Distribution:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2006	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capitated HMO hospital system based	 	3.0	%	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	0.4	%	 	1.9	%	 	—  	 	 	1.0	%	 	0.6	%	
Capitated HMO physician group based	 	2.4	%	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	26.1	%	 	2.2	%	 	1.7	%	 	—  	 	 	0.9	%	 	1.8	%	
Risk-sharing	 	27.9	%	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	42.1	%	 	6.4	%	 	1.5	%	 	—  	 	 	0.8	%	 	4.8	%	
All other membership	 	66.7	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	31.8	%	 	91.0	%	 	94.9	%	 	100.0	%	 	97.3	%	 	92.8	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2005	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capitated HMO hospital system based	 	6.3	%	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	0.9	%	 	2.1	%	 	—  	 	 	1.3	%	 	1.1	%	
Capitated HMO physician group based	 	4.2	%	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	37.2	%	 	5.0	%	 	2.0	%	 	—  	 	 	1.2	%	 	3.3	%	
Risk-sharing	 	41.3	%	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	59.9	%	 	12.9	%	 	2.5	%	 	—  	 	 	1.6	%	 	7.8	%	
All other membership	 	48.2	%	 	—  	 	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	2.9	%	 	81.2	%	 	93.4	%	 	100.0	%	 	95.9	%	 	87.8	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	100.0	%	 	—  	 	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capitation expense as a percentage of total medical expense was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:

 	 	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	 	(dollars in thousands)	 	
Medical Expenses:	 	 	 	 	
Capitated HMO expense	 	$	382,584	 	2.2	%	 	$	456,123	 	3.9	%	 	$	465,231	 	4.4	%	
Other medical expense	 	 	17,038,620	 	97.8	%	 	 	11,195,347	 	96.1	%	 	 	10,204,416	 	95.6	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Consolidated medical expense	 	$	17,421,204	 	100.0	%	 	$	11,651,470	 	100.0	%	 	$	10,669,647	 	100.0	%	

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Accreditation Assessment
Our accreditation assessment program consists of several internal programs, including those that credential providers and those designed to meet the audit standards of federal and state agencies, as well as external accreditation standards. We also offer quality and outcome measurement and improvement programs such as the Health Plan Employer Data Information Sets, or HEDIS, which is used by employers, government purchasers and the National Committee for Quality Assurance, or NCQA, to evaluate HMOs based on various criteria, including effectiveness of care and member satisfaction.
Physicians participating in our HMO networks must satisfy specific criteria, including licensing, patient access, office standards, after-hours coverage, and other factors. Most participating hospitals also meet accreditation criteria established by CMS and/or the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, or JCAHO.
Recredentialing of participating providers occurs every two to three years, depending on applicable state laws. Recredentialing of participating physicians includes verification of their medical licenses; review of their malpractice liability claims histories; review of their board certifications, if applicable; and review of applicable quality information. Committees, composed of a peer group of physicians, review the applications of physicians being considered for credentialing and recredentialing.
We request accreditation for certain of our HMO plans from NCQA and the American Accreditation Healthcare Commission/Utilization Review Accreditation Commission, or AAHC/URAC. Accreditation or external review by an approved organization is mandatory in the states of Florida and Kansas for licensure as an HMO. Accreditation specific to the utilization review process also is required in the state of Georgia for licensure as an HMO or PPO. Certain commercial businesses, like those impacted by a third-party labor agreement or those where a request is made by the employer, may require or prefer accredited health plans.
NCQA performs reviews of standards for quality improvement, credentialing, utilization management, and member rights and responsibilities. We have achieved and maintained NCQA accreditation in all of our commercial HMO markets except Puerto Rico and in select PPO markets.
AAHC/URAC performs reviews for utilization management standards and for health plan and health network standards in quality management, credentialing, rights and responsibilities, and network management. We continue to maintain URAC accreditation in select markets and certain operations.
Humana has also pursued ISO 9001:2000 certification over the past several years. ISO is the international standards organization, which has developed an international commercial set of certifications as to quality and process, called ISO 9001:2000.
Sales and Marketing
We use various methods to market our Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial products, including television, radio, the Internet, telemarketing, and direct mailings.
At December 31, 2006, we employed approximately 1,700 sales representatives, who are each paid a salary and per member commission to market our Medicare and Medicaid products in the United States and Puerto Rico. We employed approximately 600 telemarketing representatives who assisted in the marketing of Medicare and Medicaid products by making appointments for sales representatives with prospective members. We also market our Medicare products via a strategic alliance with Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., or Wal-Mart. This alliance includes stationing Humana representatives in certain Wal-Mart stores, SAM’S CLUB locations and Neighborhood Markets across the country providing an opportunity to enroll Medicare eligible individuals in person. In addition, we market our Medicare products through licensed independent brokers and agents including strategic alliances with State Farm ®  and USAA. We generally pay brokers a commission based on premiums, including bonuses based on sales volume.
 
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Individuals become members of our commercial HMOs and PPOs through their employers or other groups which typically offer employees or members a selection of health insurance products, pay for all or part of the premiums, and make payroll deductions for any premiums payable by the employees. We attempt to become an employer’s or group’s exclusive source of health insurance benefits by offering a variety of HMO, PPO, and specialty products that provide cost-effective quality health care coverage consistent with the needs and expectations of their employees or members. We also offer commercial health insurance products directly to individuals.
At December 31, 2006, we used licensed independent brokers and agents and approximately 700 licensed employees to sell our commercial products. Many of our employer group customers are represented by insurance brokers and consultants who assist these groups in the design and purchase of health care products. We generally pay brokers a commission based on premiums, with commissions varying by market and premium volume. In addition to a commission based directly on premium volume for sales to particular customers, we also have programs that pay brokers and agents based on other metrics. These include commission bonuses based on sales that attain certain levels or involve particular products. We also pay additional commissions based on aggregate volumes of sales involving multiple customers.
Risk Management
Through the use of internally developed underwriting criteria, we determine the risk we are willing to assume and the amount of premium to charge for our commercial products. In most instances, employer and other groups must meet our underwriting standards in order to qualify to contract with us for coverage. Small group laws in some states have imposed regulations which provide for guaranteed issue of certain health insurance products and prescribe certain limitations on the variation in rates charged based upon assessment of health conditions.
Underwriting techniques are not employed in connection with our Medicare, TRICARE, or Medicaid products because government regulations require us to accept all eligible applicants regardless of their health or prior medical history.
Competition
The health benefits industry is highly competitive. Our competitors vary by local market and include other managed care companies, national insurance companies, and other HMOs and PPOs, including HMOs and PPOs owned by Blue Cross/Blue Shield plans. Many of our competitors have larger memberships and/or greater financial resources than our health plans in the markets in which we compete. Our ability to sell our products and to retain customers may be influenced by such factors as those described on page 17 in Item 1A.—Risk Factors.
Government Regulation
Federal regulation
Government regulation of health care products and services is a changing area of law that varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Regulatory agencies generally have broad discretion to issue regulations and interpret and enforce laws and rules. The passing of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003, or MMA, represents the most sweeping changes to Medicare since the BBA. Changes in applicable laws and regulations are continually being considered, and the interpretation of existing laws and rules also may change periodically. These regulatory revisions could affect our operations and financial results. Also, it may become increasingly difficult to control medical costs if federal and state bodies continue to consider and enact significant and sometimes onerous managed care laws and regulations.
 
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State and local regulation
We are also subject to substantial regulation by the states in which we do business. We regularly are audited and subject to various enforcement actions by state departments of insurance. These departments enforce laws relating to all aspects of our operations, including benefit offerings, marketing, claim payments, subsidiary capital requirements, and premium setting, especially with regard to our small group business. Although any of the pending government actions could result in assessment of damages, civil or criminal fines or penalties, and other sanctions against us, including exclusion from participation in government programs, we do not believe the results of any of these actions, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Pending federal and state legislation
Diverse legislative and regulatory initiatives continue at both the federal and state levels to affect aspects of the nation’s health care system.
Our management works proactively to ensure compliance with all governmental laws and regulations affecting our business. We are unable to predict how existing federal or state laws and regulations may be changed or interpreted, what additional laws or regulations affecting our businesses may be enacted or proposed, when and which of the proposed laws will be adopted or what effect any such new laws and regulations will have on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
For a complete description of all of the current activities in the federal and state legislative areas, see Item 1A.—Risk Factors on page 22.
Other
Captive Insurance Company
We bear general business risks associated with operating our Company such as professional and general liability, employee workers’ compensation, and officer and director errors and omissions risks. Professional and general liability risks may include, for example, medical malpractice claims and disputes with members regarding benefit coverage. We retain certain of these risks through our wholly-owned, captive insurance subsidiary. We reduce exposure to these risks by insuring levels of coverage for losses in excess of our retained limits with a number of third-party insurance companies. We remain liable in the event these insurance companies are unable to pay their portion of the losses. In an effort to minimize credit risk, we insure our risks with a number of insurance companies having a long history of strong financial ratings. Over the past few years, we have reduced the amount of coverage purchased from third-party insurance carriers and increased the amount of risk we retain based on the financial strength and liquidity of our captive insurance subsidiary.
Centralized Management Services
We provide centralized management services to each of our health plans and both of our business segments from our headquarters and service centers. These services include management information systems, product development and administration, finance, human resources, accounting, law, public relations, marketing, insurance, purchasing, risk management, internal audit, actuarial, underwriting, claims processing, and customer service.
Employees
As of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 22,300 employees, including 31 employees covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe we have good relations with our employees and have not experienced any work stoppages.
 
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ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	
This document includes both historical and forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are made within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we are including this statement for purposes of complying with these safe harbor provisions. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events, trends and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, among other things, the information discussed below. In making these statements, we are not undertaking to address or update each factor in future filings or communications regarding our business or results. Our business is highly complicated, regulated and competitive with many different factors affecting results.
If the premiums we charge are insufficient to cover the cost of health care services delivered to our members, or if our estimates of medical claim reserves based upon our estimates of future medical claims are inadequate, our profitability could decline.
We use a significant portion of our revenues to pay the costs of health care services delivered to our members. These costs include claims payments, capitation payments, and various other costs incurred to provide health insurance coverage to our members. These costs also include estimates of future payments to hospitals and others for medical care provided to our members. Generally, premiums in the health care business are fixed for one-year periods. Accordingly, costs we incur in excess of our medical cost projections generally are not recovered in the contract year through higher premiums. We estimate the costs of our future medical claims and other expenses using actuarial methods and assumptions based upon claim payment patterns, medical inflation, historical developments, including claim inventory levels and claim receipt patterns, and other relevant factors. We also record medical claims reserves for future payments. We continually review estimates of future payments relating to medical claims costs for services incurred in the current and prior periods and make necessary adjustments to our reserves. However, many factors may and often do cause actual health care costs to exceed what was estimated and used to set our premiums. These factors may include:
 
 	•	 	increased use of medical facilities and services, including prescription drugs;	
 
 	•	 	increased cost of such services;	
 
 	•	 	our membership mix;	
 
 	•	 	variances in actual versus estimated levels of cost associated with new products, benefits or lines of business, product changes or benefit level changes;	
 
 	•	 	membership in markets lacking adequate provider networks;	
 
 	•	 	changes in the demographic characteristics of an account or market;	
 
 	•	 	termination of capitation arrangements resulting in the transfer of membership to fee-for-service arrangements;	
 
 	•	 	changes or reductions of our utilization management functions such as preauthorization of services, concurrent review or requirements for physician referrals;	
 
 	•	 	possible changes in our pharmacy rebate program with drug manufacturers;	
 
 	•	 	catastrophes, including acts of terrorism, public health epidemics, or severe weather (e.g. hurricanes, earthquakes, etc.);	
 
 	•	 	the introduction of new or costly treatments, including new technologies;	
 
 	•	 	medical cost inflation; and	
 
 	•	 	government mandated benefits or other regulatory changes.	
 
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Failure to adequately price our products or estimate sufficient medical claim reserves may result in a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
If we do not design and price our products properly and competitively, our membership and profitability could decline.
We are in a highly competitive industry. Some of our competitors are more established in the health care industry in terms of a larger market share and have greater financial resources than we do in some markets. In addition, other companies may enter our markets in the future, including emerging competitors in the Medicare program and in consumer-choice health plans, such as high deductible health plans with HSAs. We believe that barriers to entry in many markets are not substantial, so the addition of new competitors can occur relatively easily, and customers enjoy significant flexibility in moving between competitors. Contracts for the sale of commercial products are generally bid upon or renewed annually. While health plans compete on the basis of many factors, including service and the quality and depth of provider networks, we expect that price will continue to be a significant basis of competition. In addition to the challenge of controlling health care costs, we face intense competitive pressure to contain premium prices. Factors such as business consolidations, strategic alliances, legislative reform and marketing practices create pressure to contain premium price increases, despite being faced with increasing medical costs. The commercial pricing environment, particularly in the 2 to 300 member groups, is extremely competitive. We believe some of our competitors, including public and not-for-profit companies, are pricing aggressively to gain market share.
Premium increases, introduction of new product designs, and our relationship with our providers in various markets, among other issues, could also affect our membership levels. Other actions that could affect membership levels include our possible exit from or entrance into Medicare or Commercial markets, or the termination of a large contract, including our TRICARE contract.
If we do not compete effectively in our markets, if we set rates too high or too low in highly competitive markets to keep or increase our market share, if membership does not increase as we expect, if membership declines, or if we lose accounts with favorable medical cost experience while retaining or increasing membership in accounts with unfavorable medical cost experience, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
If we fail to effectively implement our operational and strategic initiatives, including our Medicare initiatives, our business could be materially adversely affected.
Our future performance depends in large part upon our management team’s ability to execute our strategy to position the Company for the future. This strategy includes opportunities created by the MMA. The MMA offers new opportunities in our Medicare programs, including our HMO, PPO, and PFFS Medicare Advantage products, as well as our stand-alone PDP products. We have made substantial additional investments in the Medicare program to enhance our ability to participate in these expanded programs. Over the last few years we have increased the size of our Medicare geographic reach since the enactment of the MMA through expanded Medicare product offerings. We are offering both the stand-alone Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage and Medicare Advantage Health Plan with Prescription Drug Coverage in addition to our other product offerings. We have been approved to offer the Medicare prescription drug plan in 50 states as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. The growth in our Medicare membership and revenues impacts the pattern of our quarterly earnings, including the timing of membership enrollment and the speed with which the individual members meet their deductibles and cost-sharing provisions.
We have also made substantial investments in the service personnel and technology necessary to administer the growing Medicare business. We continue to work with CMS to devise solutions to certain CMS systems issues that have created some difficulty receiving correct information about eligibility of certain low income persons in the Part D program.
 
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The growth of our Medicare business is an important part of our business strategy. Any failure to achieve this growth may have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, the expansion of our Medicare business in relation to our other businesses may intensify the risks to us inherent in the Medicare business, which are described elsewhere in this document. These expansion efforts may result in less diversification of our revenue stream.
Additionally, our strategy includes the growth of our Commercial segment business, with emphasis on our ASO and individual products, introduction of new products and benefit designs, including our Smart, consumer-choice products such as HSAs as well as the adoption of new technologies and the integration of acquired businesses and contracts.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully implement our operational and strategic initiatives that are intended to position us for future growth or that the products we design will be accepted or adopted in the time periods assumed. Failure to implement this strategy may result in a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
If we fail to properly maintain the integrity of our data, to strategically implement new information systems, or to protect our proprietary rights to our systems, our business could be materially adversely affected.
Our business depends significantly on effective information systems and the integrity and timeliness of the data we use to run our business. Our business strategy involves providing members and providers with easy to use products that leverage our information to meet their needs. Our ability to adequately price our products and services, provide effective and efficient service to our customers, and to timely and accurately report our financial results depends significantly on the integrity of the data in our information systems. As a result of our past and on-going acquisition activities, we have acquired additional information systems. We have been taking steps to reduce the number of systems we operate, have upgraded and expanded our information systems capabilities, and are gradually migrating existing business to fewer systems. Our information systems require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain, protect and enhance existing systems and develop new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology, evolving industry and regulatory standards, and changing customer preferences. If the information we rely upon to run our businesses was found to be inaccurate or unreliable or if we fail to maintain effectively our information systems and data integrity, we could have operational disruptions, have problems in determining medical cost estimates and establishing appropriate pricing, have customer and physician and other health care provider disputes, have regulatory or other legal problems, have increases in operating expenses, lose existing customers, have difficulty in attracting new customers, or suffer other adverse consequences.
We depend on independent third parties for significant portions of our systems-related support, equipment, facilities, and certain data, including data center operations, data network, voice communication services and pharmacy data processing. This dependence makes our operations vulnerable to such third parties’ failure to perform adequately under the contract, due to internal or external factors. A change in service providers could result in a decline in service quality and effectiveness or less favorable contract terms which could adversely affect our operating results.
We rely on our agreements with customers, confidentiality agreements with employees, and our trade secrets and copyrights to protect our proprietary rights. These legal protections and precautions may not prevent misappropriation of our proprietary information. In addition, substantial litigation regarding intellectual property rights exists in the software industry. We expect software products to be increasingly subject to third-party infringement claims as the number of products and competitors in this area grows.
Our business plans also include becoming a quality e-business organization by enhancing interactions with customers, brokers, agents, and other stakeholders through web-enabling technology. Our strategy includes sales and distribution of health benefit products through the Internet, and implementation of advanced self-service capabilities, for internal and external stakeholders.
 
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There can be no assurance that our process of improving existing systems, developing new systems to support our expanding operations, integrating new systems, protecting our proprietary information, and improving service levels will not be delayed or that additional systems issues will not arise in the future. Failure to adequately protect and maintain the integrity of our information systems and data may result in a material adverse effect on our financial positions, results of operations and cash flows.
We are involved in various legal actions, which, if resolved unfavorably to us, could result in substantial monetary damages.
We are a party to a variety of legal actions that affect our business, including employment and employment discrimination-related suits, employee benefit claims, breach of contract actions, and tort claims.
In addition, because of the nature of the health care business, we are subject to a variety of legal actions relating to our business operations, including the design, management and offering of products and services. These include and could include in the future:
 
 	•	 	claims relating to the methodologies for calculating premiums;	
 
 	•	 	claims relating to the denial of health care benefit payments;	
 
 	•	 	claims relating to the denial or rescission of insurance coverage;	
 
 	•	 	challenges to the use of some software products used in administering claims;	
 
 	•	 	claims relating to our administration of our Medicare Part D offerings;	
 
 	•	 	medical malpractice actions based on our medical necessity decisions or brought against us on the theory that we are liable for our providers’ alleged malpractice;	
 
 	•	 	allegations of anti-competitive and unfair business activities;	
 
 	•	 	provider disputes over compensation and termination of provider contracts;	
 
 	•	 	disputes related to ASO business, including actions alleging claim administration errors;	
 
 	•	 	claims related to the failure to disclose some business practices;	
 
 	•	 	claims relating to customer audits and contract performance; and	
 
 	•	 	claims relating to dispensing of drugs associated with our in-house mail order pharmacy.	
In some cases, substantial non-economic or punitive damages as well as treble damages under the federal False Claims Act, Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act and other statutes may be sought. While we currently have insurance coverage for some of these potential liabilities, other potential liabilities may not be covered by insurance, insurers may dispute coverage or the amount of our insurance may not be enough to cover the damages awarded. Additionally, the cost of business insurance coverage has increased significantly. As a result, we have increased the amount of risk that we self-insure, particularly with respect to matters incidental to our business. In addition, some types of damages, like punitive damages, may not be covered by insurance. In some jurisdictions, coverage of punitive damages is prohibited. Insurance coverage for all or some forms of liability may become unavailable or prohibitively expensive in the future.
A description of material legal actions in which we are currently involved is included under “Legal Proceedings” in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. We cannot predict the outcome of these suits with certainty, and we are incurring expenses in the defense of these matters. Therefore, these legal actions could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 
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As a government contractor, we are exposed to additional risks that could adversely affect our business or our willingness to participate in government health care programs.
A significant portion of our revenues relates to federal and state government health care coverage programs, including the Medicare, TRICARE, and Medicaid programs. Our Government segment accounted for approximately 70% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006 and we expect the Government segment to account for a greater percentage of our total premiums and ASO fees in 2007. These programs involve various risks, including:
 
 	•	 	at December 31, 2006, under our contracts with CMS we provided health insurance coverage to approximately 518,900 Medicare members in Florida. These contracts accounted for approximately 17% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006. The loss of these and other CMS contracts or significant changes in the Medicare program as a result of legislative action, including reductions in premium payments to us, or increases in member benefits without corresponding increases in premium payments to us, may have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows;	
 
 	•	 	at December 31, 2006, our TRICARE business, which accounted for approximately 12% of our total premiums and ASO fees during the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily consisted of the South Region contract. The 5-year South Region contract is subject to annual renewals on April 1 of each year at the government’s option. Effective April 1, 2006, the South Region contract was extended into the third option period, which runs from April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007 and covers 2.9 million beneficiaries. We have received a notice from the government of its intent to renew the fourth option period. The 5-year South Region contract expires March 31, 2009. As required under the contract, the target underwritten health care cost and underwriting fee amounts for the third option period were negotiated. Any variance from the target health care cost is shared with the federal government. Accordingly, events and circumstances not contemplated in the negotiated target health care cost amount could have a material adverse effect on our business. These changes may include, for example, an increase or reduction in the number of persons enrolled or eligible to enroll due to the federal government’s decision to increase or decrease U.S. military deployments. In the event government reimbursements were to decline from projected amounts, our failure to reduce the health care costs associated with these programs could have a material adverse effect on our business;	
 
 	•	 	at December 31, 2006, under our contracts with the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration, we provided health insurance coverage to approximately 523,100 Medicaid members in Puerto Rico. These contracts accounted for approximately 2% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006. We currently are operating under the terms of our contracts that expired October 31, 2006. Due to several ongoing and unresolved issues with the program, the government of Puerto Rico has decided to delay the bid process for new contracts. We currently are working with the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration regarding terms and rates which is expected to result in an extension of the existing contracts through September 30, 2007. There is no assurance that the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration will request such an extension, and we are unable to predict the ultimate impact that any government policy or fiscal decisions might have on the continuation of our Medicaid contracts in Puerto Rico. The loss of these contracts or significant changes in the Puerto Rico Medicaid program as a result of legislative action, including reductions in premium payments to us, or increases in member benefits without corresponding increases in premium payments to us, may have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows;	
 
 	•	 	the possibility of temporary or permanent suspension from participating in government health care programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, if we are convicted of fraud or other criminal conduct in the performance of a health care program or if there is an adverse decision against us under the federal False Claims Act;	
 
 	•	 	CMS has implemented a risk adjustment model which apportions premiums paid to Medicare health plans according to health severity. A risk adjustment model pays more for enrollees with predictably	
 
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 	higher costs. Under the risk adjustment methodology, all Medicare health plans must collect, capture and submit the necessary diagnosis code information from inpatient and ambulatory treatment settings to CMS within prescribed deadlines. The CMS risk adjustment model uses this diagnosis data to calculate the risk adjusted premium payment to Medicare health plans. CMS has transitioned to the risk adjustment model for Medicare Advantage plans. In 2006, the portion of risk adjusted payment was increased to 75% from 50% in 2005. The phase-in of risk adjusted payment has increased to 100% in 2007;	
 
 	•	 	commensurate with phase-in of the risk-adjustment methodology, payments to Medicare Advantage plans have been increased by a “budget neutrality” factor. The budget neutrality factor was implemented to prevent overall health plan payments from being reduced during the transition to the risk-adjustment payment model. The payment adjustments for budget neutrality were first developed in 2002 and began to be used with the 2003 payments. The budget neutrality adjustment will begin phasing out in 2007 and will be fully eliminated by 2011. This does not mean, however, that the aggregate per-member payments to Medicare plans will be reduced. As plans enroll less healthy beneficiaries, the need for the budget neutrality adjustment declines as the underlying risk adjusted Medicare rates paid to plans increase to account for their enrollees’ greater healthcare needs. As a result of the CMS payment methodology described previously, the amount and timing of our CMS monthly premium payments per member may change materially, either favorably or unfavorably;	
 
 	•	 	Our CMS contracts which cover members’ prescription drugs under the Part D provisions of the MMA contain provisions for 1) risk sharing and 2) reimbursements of prescription drug costs for which we are not at risk.	
The premiums from CMS are subject to risk corridor provisions which compare costs targeted in our annual bids to actual prescription drug costs, limited to actual costs that would have been incurred under the standard coverage as defined by CMS. Variances exceeding certain thresholds may result in CMS making additional payments to us or require us to refund to CMS a portion of the premiums we received. We estimate and recognize an adjustment to premium revenues related to the risk corridor payment settlement based upon pharmacy claims experience. The estimate of the settlement associated with these risk corridor provisions, which is not expected to be applied against the rigors of a final settlement with CMS until mid-2007, requires us to consider factors that may not be certain. These factors include some first year implementation issues such as member eligibility differences with CMS, as well as interpretations of CMS operational guidance. Beginning in 2008, the risk corridor thresholds increase which means we will bear more risk. Our estimate of the settlement associated with the Medicare Part D risk corridor provisions was a net liability of $738.7 million at December 31, 2006.
Reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies represent reimbursements from CMS in connection with the Medicare Part D program for which we assume no risk. Reinsurance subsidies represent reimbursements for CMS’s portion of claims costs which exceed the member’s out-of-pocket threshold, or the catastrophic coverage level. Low-income cost subsidies represent reimbursements from CMS for all or a portion of the deductible, the coinsurance and co-payment amounts above the out-of-pocket threshold for low-income beneficiaries. Monthly prospective payments from CMS for reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies are based on assumptions submitted with our annual bid. A reconciliation and settlement of CMS’s prospective subsidies against actual prescription drug costs we paid is made after the end of the year.
Settlement of the reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies as well as the risk corridor payment is based on a reconciliation made approximately 6 months after the close of each calendar year. This reconciliation process requires us to submit claims data necessary for CMS to administer the program. Our claims data may not pass CMS’s claims edit processes due to various reasons, including but not limited to, discrepancies in eligibility or classification of low-income members. To the extent our data does not pass CMS’s claim edit processes, we may bear the risk for all or a portion of the claim which otherwise may have been subject to the risk corridor provision or reimbursement as a low-income or
 
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reinsurance claim. In addition, in the event the settlement represents an amount CMS owes us, there is a negative impact on our cash flows and financial condition as a result of financing CMS’s share of the risk. The opposite is true in the event the settlement represents an amount we owe CMS;
 
 	•	 	future changes to these government programs which may affect our ability or willingness to participate in these programs;	
 
 	•	 	higher comparative medical costs;	
 
 	•	 	government regulatory and reporting requirements; and	
 
 	•	 	higher marketing and advertising costs per member as a result of marketing to individuals as opposed to groups.	
Our industry is currently subject to substantial government regulation, which, along with possible increased governmental regulation or legislative reform, increases our costs of doing business and could adversely affect our profitability.
The health care industry in general, and health insurance, particularly HMOs and PPOs are subject to substantial federal and state government regulation.
Our licensed subsidiaries are subject to regulation under state insurance holding company and Puerto Rico regulations. These regulations generally require, among other things, prior approval and/or notice of new products, rates, benefit changes, and certain material transactions, including dividend payments, purchases or sales of assets, intercompany agreements, and the filing of various financial and operational reports.
Certain of our subsidiaries operate in states that regulate the payment of dividends, loans, or other cash transfers to Humana Inc., our parent company, and require minimum levels of equity as well as limit investments to approved securities. The amount of dividends that may be paid to Humana Inc. by these subsidiaries, without prior approval by state regulatory authorities, is limited based on the entity’s level of statutory income and statutory capital and surplus. In most states, prior notification is provided before paying a dividend even if approval is not required.
As of December 31, 2006, we maintained aggregate statutory capital and surplus of $2,066.0 million in our state regulated subsidiaries. Each of these subsidiaries was in compliance with applicable statutory requirements which aggregated $1,430.3 million. Although the minimum required levels of equity are largely based on premium volume, product mix, and the quality of assets held, minimum requirements can vary significantly at the state level. Given our anticipated continued premium growth in 2007, capital requirements will increase. We expect to fund these increased requirements with capital contributions from Humana Inc., our parent company, in the range of $325 million to $425 million in 2007.
Most states rely on risk-based capital requirements, or RBC, to define their required levels of equity discussed above. RBC is a model developed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners to monitor an entity’s solvency. This calculation indicates recommended minimum levels of required capital and surplus and signals regulatory measures should actual surplus fall below these recommended levels. If RBC were adopted by the remaining states and Puerto Rico at December 31, 2006, each of our subsidiaries would be in substantial compliance and we would have $516.2 million of aggregate capital and surplus above any of the levels that require corrective action under RBC, or individual state requirements.
The use of individually identifiable health data by our business is regulated at federal and state levels. These laws and rules are changed frequently by legislation or administrative interpretation. Various state laws address the use and maintenance of individually identifiable health data. Most are derived from the privacy provisions in the federal Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and HIPAA. HIPAA includes administrative provisions directed at simplifying electronic data interchange through standardizing transactions, establishing uniform health care provider, payer, and employer identifiers and seeking protections for confidentiality and security of patient data.
 
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The rules do not provide for complete federal preemption of state laws, but rather preempt all inconsistent state laws unless the state law is more stringent.
These regulations set standards for the security of electronic health information. Violations of these rules could subject us to significant criminal and civil penalties, including significant monetary penalties. Compliance with HIPAA regulations requires significant systems enhancements, training and administrative effort. HIPAA could also expose us to additional liability for violations by our business associates. A business associate is a person or entity, other than a member of the work force, who on behalf of a covered entity performs or assists in the performance of a function or activity involving the use or disclosure of individually identifiable health information, or provides legal, accounting, consulting, data aggregation, management, administrative, accreditation, or financial services.
Laws in each of the states (including Puerto Rico) in which we operate our HMOs, PPOs and other health insurance-related services regulate our operations, including the scope of benefits, rate formulas, delivery systems, utilization review procedures, quality assurance, complaint systems, enrollment requirements, claim payments, marketing, and advertising. The HMO, PPO, and other health insurance-related products we offer are sold under licenses issued by the applicable insurance regulators. Our licensed subsidiaries are also subject to regulation under state insurance holding company and Puerto Rico regulations.
We are also subject to various governmental audits and investigations. Under state laws, our HMOs and health insurance companies are audited by state departments of insurance for financial and contractual compliance. Our HMOs are audited for compliance with health services by state departments of health. Audits and investigations are also conducted by state attorneys general, CMS, the Office of the Inspector General of Health and Human Services, the Office of Personnel Management, the Department of Justice, the Department of Labor, the Defense Contract Audit Agency, and state Departments of Insurance and Departments of Health. Several state attorneys general and Departments of Insurance are currently investigating the practices of insurance brokers, including some of those used by certain companies in the health care industry. All of these activities could result in the loss of licensure or the right to participate in various programs, or the imposition of fines, penalties and other civil and criminal sanctions. In addition, disclosure of any adverse investigation or audit results or sanctions could negatively affect our industry or our reputation in various markets and make it more difficult for us to sell our products and services.
Other areas subject to substantial regulation include:
 
 	•	 	licensing requirements;	
 
 	•	 	approval of policy language and benefits;	
 
 	•	 	mandated benefits and processes;	
 
 	•	 	approval of entry, withdrawal or re-entry into a state or market;	
 
 	•	 	premium rates; and	
 
 	•	 	periodic examinations by state and federal agencies.	
There are two areas of legislation that can impact the company that are experiencing an increase in legislative activity. These two areas are Medicare funding under MMA and proposals to expand health insurance coverage. MMA funding and associated program structure is an area of substantial legislative attention that may be influenced by federal budget considerations and Medicare spending trends. The second area of increased activity is federal and state efforts to expand access to health coverage. These proposals may offer opportunities to serve individuals who are not currently in the health insurance market through public program expansions, coverage connectors or premium assistance programs. Some access proposals also include increased regulation of our commercial business, particularly small group and individual, through a combination of benefit mandates, underwriting restrictions, rating limitations and assessments.
 
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State and federal governmental authorities are continually considering changes to laws and regulations applicable to us and are currently considering regulations relating to:
 
 	•	 	health insurance access and affordability;	
 
 	•	 	e-connectivity;	
 
 	•	 	universal health coverage;	
 
 	•	 	disclosure of provider fee schedules and other data about payments to providers, sometimes called transparency;	
 
 	•	 	disclosure of provider quality information; and	
 
 	•	 	formation of regional/national association health plans for small employers.	
All of these proposals could apply to us and could result in new regulations that increase the cost of our operations.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to obtain or maintain required governmental approvals or licenses or that legislative or regulatory change will not have a material adverse effect on our business. Delays in obtaining or failure to obtain or maintain required approvals could adversely affect entry into new markets, our revenues or the number of our members, increase our costs or adversely affect our ability to bring new products to market as forecasted.
Any failure to manage administrative costs could hamper profitability.
The level of our administrative expenses impacts our profitability. While we proactively attempt to effectively manage such expenses, increases in staff-related expenses, investment in new products, including our opportunities in the Medicare programs, greater emphasis on small group and individual health insurance products, acquisitions, and implementation of regulatory requirements, among others, may occur from time to time.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully contain our administrative expenses in line with our membership and this may result in a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Any failure by us to manage acquisitions, and other significant transactions successfully could harm our financial results, business and prospects.
As part of our business strategy, we frequently engage in discussions with third parties regarding possible investments, acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures, and outsourcing transactions and often enter into agreements relating to such transactions in order to further our business objectives. In order to pursue this strategy successfully, we must identify suitable candidates for and successfully complete transactions, some of which may be large and complex, and manage post-closing issues such as the integration of acquired companies or employees. Integration and other risks can be more pronounced for larger and more complicated transactions, or if multiple transactions are pursued simultaneously. If we fail to identify and complete successfully transactions that further our strategic objectives, we may be required to expend resources to develop products and technology internally, we may be at a competitive disadvantage or we may be adversely affected by negative market perceptions, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
If we fail to develop and maintain satisfactory relationships with the providers of care to our members, our business could be adversely affected.
We contract with physicians, hospitals and other providers to deliver health care to our members. Our products encourage or require our customers to use these contracted providers. These providers may share medical cost risk with us or have financial incentives to deliver quality medical services in a cost-effective manner.
 
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In any particular market, providers could refuse to contract with us, demand to contract with us, demand higher payments, or take other actions that could result in higher health care costs for us, less desirable products for customers and members or difficulty meeting regulatory or accreditation requirements. In some markets, some providers, particularly hospitals, physician specialty groups, physician/hospital organizations or multi-specialty physician groups, may have significant market positions and negotiating power. In addition, physician or practice management companies, which aggregate physician practices for administrative efficiency and marketing leverage, may compete directly with us. If these providers refuse to contract with us, use their market position to negotiate favorable contracts or place us at a competitive disadvantage, our ability to market products or to be profitable in those areas could be adversely affected.
In some situations, we have contracts with individual or groups of primary care physicians for an actuarially determined, fixed, per-member-per-month fee under which physicians are paid an amount to provide all required medical services to our members. This type of contract is referred to as a “capitation” contract. The inability of providers to properly manage costs under these capitation arrangements can result in the financial instability of these providers and the termination of their relationship with us. In addition, payment or other disputes between a primary care provider and specialists with whom the primary care provider contracts can result in a disruption in the provision of services to our members or a reduction in the services available to our members. The financial instability or failure of a primary care provider to pay other providers for services rendered could lead those other providers to demand payment from us even though we have made our regular fixed payments to the primary provider. There can be no assurance that providers with whom we contract will properly manage the costs of services, maintain financial solvency or avoid disputes with other providers. Any of these events could have an adverse effect on the provision of services to our members and our operations.
Our recently implemented mail order pharmacy business subjects us to additional regulations in addition to those we face with our core health benefits businesses.
We have opened a mail order pharmacy business that subjects us to extensive federal, state and local regulation. We are also subject to risks inherent in the packaging and distribution of pharmaceuticals and other health care products, and the application of state laws related to the operation of internet and mail-services pharmacies. The failure to adhere to these laws and regulations could expose our pharmacy subsidiary to civil and criminal penalties.
Our ability to obtain funds from our subsidiaries is restricted.
Because we operate as a holding company, we are dependent upon dividends and administrative expense reimbursements from our subsidiaries to fund the obligations of Humana Inc., our parent company. These subsidiaries generally are regulated by states’ Departments of Insurance. We are also required by law to maintain specific prescribed minimum amounts of capital in these subsidiaries. The levels of capitalization required depend primarily upon the volume of premium generated. A significant increase in premium volume will require additional capitalization from our parent company. In most states, we are required to seek prior approval by these state regulatory authorities before we transfer money or pay dividends from these subsidiaries that exceed specified amounts, or, in some states, any amount. In addition, we normally notify the state Departments of Insurance prior to making payments that do not require approval. In the event that we are unable to provide sufficient capital to fund the obligations of Humana Inc., our operations or financial position may be adversely affected.
Downgrades in our debt ratings, should they occur, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Claims paying ability, financial strength, and debt ratings by recognized rating organizations are an increasingly important factor in establishing the competitive position of insurance companies. Ratings information is broadly disseminated and generally used throughout the industry. We believe our claims paying ability and financial strength ratings are an important factor in marketing our products to certain of our customers. Our debt ratings impact both the cost and availability of future borrowings. Each of the rating
 
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agencies reviews its ratings periodically and there can be no assurance that current ratings will be maintained in the future. Our ratings reflect each rating agency’s opinion of our financial strength, operating performance, and ability to meet our debt obligations or obligations to policyholders, but are not evaluations directed toward the protection of investors in our common stock and should not be relied upon as such. Downgrades in our ratings, should they occur, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Increased litigation and negative publicity could increase our cost of doing business.
The health benefits industry continues to receive significant negative publicity reflecting the public perception of the industry. This publicity and perception have been accompanied by increased litigation, including some large jury awards, legislative activity, regulation and governmental review of industry practices. These factors may adversely affect our ability to market our products or services, may require us to change our products or services, may increase the regulatory burdens under which we operate and may require us to pay large judgments or fines. Any combination of these factors could further increase our cost of doing business and adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 
ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	
None.
 
ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES	
Our principal executive office is located in the Humana Building, 500 West Main Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202. In addition to this property, our other principal operating facilities are located in Louisville, Kentucky, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Tampa Bay, Florida, Cincinnati, Ohio and San Juan, Puerto Rico, all of which are used for customer service, enrollment, and claims processing. Our Louisville and Green Bay facilities also house other corporate functions.
We own or lease these principal operating facilities in addition to other administrative market offices and medical centers. We no longer operate most of these medical centers but, rather, lease or sublease them to their provider operators. The following table lists the location of properties we owned or leased, including our principal operating facilities, at December 31, 2006:

 	  	Medical Centers	  	Administrative
Offices	  	 	
 	  	Owned	  	Leased	  	Owned	  	Leased	  	Total	
Florida	  	3	  	52	  	5	  	65	  	125	
Texas	  	—  	  	—  	  	3	  	32	  	35	
Kentucky	  	—  	  	—  	  	17	  	10	  	27	
Puerto Rico	  	—  	  	—  	  	—  	  	16	  	16	
Georgia	  	—  	  	—  	  	—  	  	13	  	13	
Louisiana	  	—  	  	—  	  	—  	  	11	  	11	
Ohio	  	—  	  	—  	  	—  	  	10	  	10	
Illinois	  	3	  	1	  	—  	  	5	  	9	
Alabama	  	—  	  	—  	  	—  	  	8	  	8	
Tennessee	  	—  	  	—  	  	—  	  	8	  	8	
Wisconsin	  	—  	  	—  	  	1	  	7	  	8	
Indiana	  	—  	  	—  	  	—  	  	6	  	6	
Mississippi	  	—  	  	—  	  	—  	  	5	  	5	
Oklahoma	  	—  	  	—  	  	—  	  	5	  	5	
Others	  	—  	  	1	  	—  	  	72	  	73	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Total	  	6	  	54	  	26	  	273	  	359	

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ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	
Our current and past business practices are subject to review by various state insurance and health care regulatory authorities and other state and federal regulatory authorities. These authorities regularly scrutinize the business practices of health insurance and benefits companies. These reviews focus on numerous facets of our business, including claims payment practices, competitive practices, commission payments, privacy issues, utilization management practices, and sales practices. Some of these reviews have historically resulted in fines imposed on us and some have required changes to some of our practices. We continue to be subject to these reviews, which could result in additional fines or other sanctions being imposed on us or additional changes in some of our practices.
We also are involved in various lawsuits that arise, for the most part, in the ordinary course of our business operations, including employment litigation, claims of medical malpractice, bad faith, nonacceptance or termination of providers, anticompetitive practices, improper rate setting, failure to disclose network discounts and various other provider arrangements, intellectual property matters, and challenges to subrogation practices. We also are subject to claims relating to performance of contractual obligations to providers, members, and others, including failure to properly pay claims, challenges to our implementation of the new Medicare prescription drug program and other litigation.
Personal injury claims and claims for extracontractual damages arising from medical benefit denials are covered by insurance from our wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary and excess carriers, except to the extent that claimants seek punitive damages, which may not be covered by insurance in certain states in which insurance coverage for punitive damages is not permitted. In addition, insurance coverage for all or certain forms of liability has become increasingly costly and may become unavailable or prohibitively expensive in the future.
The outcome of current suits or likelihood or outcome of future suits or governmental investigations cannot be accurately predicted with certainty, and therefore, such legal actions and government audits and investigations could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
 
ITEM 4.	SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS	
Not applicable.
 
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PART II
 
ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	
 
a)	Market Information	
Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol HUM. The following table shows the range of high and low closing sales prices as reported on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Price for each quarter in the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:

 	  	High	  	Low	
Year Ended December 31, 2006	  	 	 	  	 	 	
First quarter	  	$	57.67	  	$	48.91	
Second quarter	  	$	53.76	  	$	41.60	
Third quarter	  	$	67.94	  	$	51.54	
Fourth quarter	  	$	67.97	  	$	51.60	
 	 	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2005	  	 	 	  	 	 	
First quarter	  	$	34.86	  	$	29.10	
Second quarter	  	$	39.74	  	$	30.96	
Third quarter	  	$	50.03	  	$	38.30	
Fourth quarter	  	$	55.29	  	$	42.11	
 
b)	Holders of our Capital Stock	
As of January 31, 2007, there were approximately 5,400 holders of record of our common stock and approximately 26,300 beneficial holders of our common stock.
Our stockholders’ rights plan expired in accordance with its terms in February 2006.
 
c)	Dividends	
Since February 1993, we have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We do not presently intend to pay dividends, and we currently plan to retain our earnings for future operations and growth of our businesses.
 
d)	Equity Compensation Plan	
The information required by this part of Item 5 is incorporated herein by reference from our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007 appearing under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information” of such Proxy Statement.
 
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e)	Stock Performance	
The following graph compares the performance of the our common stock to the Standard & Poor’s Composite 500 Index (“S&P 500”) and the Morgan Stanley Health Care Payer Index (“Peer Group”) for the five years ended December 31, 2006. The graph assumes an investment of $100 in each of our common stock, the S&P 500, and the Peer Group on December 31, 2001.

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	12/31/01	  	12/31/02	  	12/31/03	  	12/31/04	  	12/31/05	  	12/31/06	
HUM	  	100	  	85	  	194	  	252	  	461	  	469	
S&P 500	  	100	  	77	  	97	  	106	  	109	  	124	
Peer Group	  	100	  	115	  	193	  	283	  	388	  	414	
 
f)	Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	
There were no common shares acquired by the Company in open market transactions in 2006. During 2006, we acquired 467,767 shares of our common stock in connection with employee stock plans at an aggregate cost of $26.2 million, or an average of $56.03 per share.
 
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ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA	

 	 	    2006    	 	 	    2005(a)(b)    	 	 	    2004(a)(c)    	 	 	    2003(a)(d)    	 	 	    2002(a)(e)    	 	
 	 	(in thousands, except per common share results, membership and ratios)	 	
Summary of Operations:	 	 	 	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Premiums	 	$	20,729,182	 	 	$	14,001,591	 	 	$	12,689,432	 	 	$	11,825,283	 	 	$	10,930,397	 	
Administrative services fees	 	 	341,211	 	 	 	259,437	 	 	 	272,796	 	 	 	271,676	 	 	 	244,396	 	
Investment income	 	 	291,880	 	 	 	142,976	 	 	 	132,838	 	 	 	122,041	 	 	 	78,833	 	
Other revenue	 	 	54,264	 	 	 	14,123	 	 	 	9,259	 	 	 	7,311	 	 	 	7,555	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	 	21,416,537	 	 	 	14,418,127	 	 	 	13,104,325	 	 	 	12,226,311	 	 	 	11,261,181	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medical	 	 	17,421,204	 	 	 	11,651,470	 	 	 	10,669,647	 	 	 	9,879,421	 	 	 	9,138,196	 	
Selling, general and administrative	 	 	3,021,509	 	 	 	2,195,604	 	 	 	1,894,336	 	 	 	1,866,531	 	 	 	1,781,457	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	148,598	 	 	 	128,858	 	 	 	117,792	 	 	 	126,779	 	 	 	120,730	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total operating expenses	 	 	20,591,311	 	 	 	13,975,932	 	 	 	12,681,775	 	 	 	11,872,731	 	 	 	11,040,383	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from operations	 	 	825,226	 	 	 	442,195	 	 	 	422,550	 	 	 	353,580	 	 	 	220,798	 	
Interest expense	 	 	63,141	 	 	 	39,315	 	 	 	23,172	 	 	 	17,367	 	 	 	17,252	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before income taxes	 	 	762,085	 	 	 	402,880	 	 	 	399,378	 	 	 	336,213	 	 	 	203,546	 	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	274,662	 	 	 	106,150	 	 	 	129,431	 	 	 	112,474	 	 	 	64,694	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	487,423	 	 	$	296,730	 	 	$	269,947	 	 	$	223,739	 	 	$	138,852	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic earnings per common share	 	$	2.97	 	 	$	1.83	 	 	$	1.68	 	 	$	1.41	 	 	$	0.85	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted earnings per common share	 	$	2.90	 	 	$	1.79	 	 	$	1.66	 	 	$	1.38	 	 	$	0.83	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Financial Position:	 	 	 	 	
Cash and investments	 	$	5,347,454	 	 	$	3,477,955	 	 	$	3,074,189	 	 	$	2,927,213	 	 	$	2,415,914	 	
Total assets	 	 	10,127,496	 	 	 	6,869,614	 	 	 	5,657,617	 	 	 	5,379,814	 	 	 	4,977,029	 	
Medical and other expenses payable	 	 	2,488,261	 	 	 	1,909,682	 	 	 	1,422,010	 	 	 	1,272,156	 	 	 	1,142,131	 	
Debt	 	 	1,269,100	 	 	 	815,044	 	 	 	636,696	 	 	 	642,638	 	 	 	604,913	 	
Stockholders’ equity	 	 	3,053,886	 	 	 	2,508,874	 	 	 	2,124,248	 	 	 	1,868,972	 	 	 	1,641,115	 	
Key Financial Indicators:	 	 	 	 	
Medical expense ratio	 	 	84.0	%	 	 	83.2	%	 	 	84.1	%	 	 	83.5	%	 	 	83.6	%	
SG&A expense ratio	 	 	14.3	%	 	 	15.4	%	 	 	14.6	%	 	 	15.4	%	 	 	15.9	%	
Medical Membership by Segment:	 	 	 	 	
Government:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medicare Advantage	 	 	1,002,600	 	 	 	557,800	 	 	 	377,200	 	 	 	328,600	 	 	 	344,100	 	
Medicare stand-alone PDP	 	 	3,536,600	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Medicare	 	 	4,539,200	 	 	 	557,800	 	 	 	377,200	 	 	 	328,600	 	 	 	344,100	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
TRICARE	 	 	1,716,400	 	 	 	1,750,900	 	 	 	1,789,400	 	 	 	1,849,700	 	 	 	1,755,800	 	
TRICARE ASO	 	 	1,163,600	 	 	 	1,138,200	 	 	 	1,082,400	 	 	 	1,057,200	 	 	 	1,048,700	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total TRICARE	 	 	2,880,000	 	 	 	2,889,100	 	 	 	2,871,800	 	 	 	2,906,900	 	 	 	2,804,500	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medicaid	 	 	390,700	 	 	 	457,900	 	 	 	478,600	 	 	 	468,900	 	 	 	506,000	 	
Medicaid ASO	 	 	178,400	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Medicaid	 	 	569,100	 	 	 	457,900	 	 	 	478,600	 	 	 	468,900	 	 	 	506,000	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Government	 	 	7,988,300	 	 	 	3,904,800	 	 	 	3,727,600	 	 	 	3,704,400	 	 	 	3,654,600	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fully insured	 	 	1,754,200	 	 	 	1,999,800	 	 	 	2,286,500	 	 	 	2,352,800	 	 	 	2,340,300	 	
Administrative services only	 	 	1,529,600	 	 	 	1,171,000	 	 	 	1,018,600	 	 	 	712,400	 	 	 	652,200	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Commercial	 	 	3,283,800	 	 	 	3,170,800	 	 	 	3,305,100	 	 	 	3,065,200	 	 	 	2,992,500	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total medical membership	 	 	11,272,100	 	 	 	7,075,600	 	 	 	7,032,700	 	 	 	6,769,600	 	 	 	6,647,100	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial Specialty Membership:	 	 	 	 	
Dental	 	 	1,452,000	 	 	 	1,456,500	 	 	 	1,246,700	 	 	 	1,147,400	 	 	 	1,094,600	 	
Other	 	 	450,800	 	 	 	445,600	 	 	 	461,500	 	 	 	520,700	 	 	 	545,400	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total specialty membership	 	 	1,902,800	 	 	 	1,902,100	 	 	 	1,708,200	 	 	 	1,668,100	 	 	 	1,640,000	 	

(a)	Prior period amounts have been adjusted to reflect the expensing of stock awards under the modified retrospective application method of SFAS 123R as more fully discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	
(b)	Includes the acquired operations of CarePlus Health Plans of Florida from February 16, 2005, and the acquired operations of Corphealth, Inc. from December 20, 2005. Also includes expenses of $71.9 million ($44.8 million after tax, or $0.27 per diluted common share) for a class action litigation settlement, as well as expenses of $27.0 million ($16.9 million after tax, or $0.10 per diluted common share) related to Hurricane Katrina. These expenses were partially offset by the realization of a tax gain contingency of $22.8 million, or $0.14 per diluted share.	
(c)	Includes the acquired operations of Ochsner Health Plan from April 1, 2004.	
(d)	Includes expenses of $30.8 million pretax ($18.8 million after tax, or $0.12 per diluted common share) for the writedown of building and equipment and software abandonment expenses. These expenses were partially offset by a gain of $15.2 million pretax ($10.1 million after tax, or $0.06 per diluted common share) for the sale of a venture capital investment. The net impact of these items reduced pretax income by $15.6 million ($8.7 million after tax, or $0.05 per diluted common share).	
(e)	Includes expenses of $85.6 million pretax ($58.2 million after tax, or $0.35 per diluted common share) for severance and facility costs related to reducing our administrative cost structure with the elimination of three customer service centers and an enterprise-wide workforce reduction, reserves for liabilities related to a previous acquisition and the impairment in the fair value of certain private debt and equity investments.	
 
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ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	
The consolidated financial statements of Humana Inc. in this document present the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows, and should be read in conjunction with the following discussion and analysis. References to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company,” and “Humana” mean Humana Inc. and its subsidiaries. This discussion includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in our press releases, investor presentations, and in oral statements made by or with the approval of one of our executive officers, the words or phrases like “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “likely will result,” “estimates,” “projects” or variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward–looking statements. These forward–looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, among other things, information set forth in Item 1A.—Risk Factors. In making these statements, we are not undertaking to address or update these factors in future filings or communications regarding our business or results except as required by law. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward–looking events discussed in this document might not occur. There may also be other risks that we are unable to predict at this time. Any of these risks and uncertainties may cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward–looking statements.
Overview
Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, Humana Inc. is one of the nation’s largest publicly traded health benefits companies, based on our 2006 revenues of $21.4 billion. We offer coordinated health insurance coverage and related services through a variety of traditional and consumer-choice plans for government-sponsored programs, employer groups, and individuals. As of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 11.3 million members in our medical benefit programs, as well as approximately 1.9 million members in our specialty products programs.
We manage our business with two segments: Government and Commercial. The Government segment consists of members enrolled in government-sponsored programs, and includes three lines of business: Medicare, TRICARE, and Medicaid. The Commercial segment consists of members enrolled in products marketed to employer groups and individuals, and includes two lines of business: medical (fully and self insured) and specialty. We identified our segments in accordance with the aggregation provisions of SFAS 131 ,  which is consistent with information used by our Chief Executive Officer in managing our business. The segment information aggregates products with similar economic characteristics. These characteristics include the nature of customer groups and pricing, benefits and underwriting requirements.
The results of each segment are measured by income before income taxes. We allocate all selling, general and administrative expenses, investment and other income, interest expense, and goodwill, but no other assets or liabilities, to our segments. Members served by our two segments often utilize the same medical provider networks, enabling us to obtain more favorable contract terms with providers. Our segments also share overhead costs and assets. As a result, the profitability of each segment is interdependent. We believe our customer, membership, revenue and pretax income diversification across segments and products allows us to increase our chances of success.
We adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, or SFAS 123R, on January 1, 2006. We have adjusted prior period amounts to reflect the effect of expensing stock awards under the modified retrospective application method of SFAS 123R as discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Our results are impacted by many factors, but most notably are influenced by our ability to establish and maintain a competitive and efficient cost structure and to accurately and consistently establish competitive
 
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premium, ASO fee, and plan benefit levels that are commensurate with our medical and administrative costs. Medical costs are subject to a high rate of inflation due to many forces, including new higher priced technologies and medical procedures, increasing capacity and supply of medical services, new prescription drugs and therapies, an aging population, lifestyle challenges including obesity and smoking, the tort liability system, and government regulations.
Our industry relies on two key statistics to measure performance. MER, which is computed by taking total medical expenses as a percentage of premium revenues, represents a statistic used to measure underwriting profitability. The SG&A expense ratio, which is computed by taking total selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of premium revenues and administrative services fees, represents a statistic used to measure administrative spending efficiency.
Government Segment
Our strategy and commitment to the expanded Medicare programs, including new product choices and pharmacy benefits for seniors, led to substantial growth during 2006. Medicare Advantage membership increased to 1,002,600 members at December 31, 2006, up 79.7% from 557,800 members at December 31, 2005, primarily due to sales of our PFFS product. Our new Medicare stand-alone PDP products added 3,536,600 members during 2006. Medicare premium revenues more than doubled to $11.5 billion during 2006 primarily as a result of this membership growth.
Pretax earnings in the Government segment of $513.8 million in 2006 were 62% higher than 2005. This increase resulted primarily from the membership and associated revenue growth in our Medicare Advantage plans, partially offset by results for the new Medicare stand-alone PDP offerings. Our Complete stand-alone PDP offering, one of three stand-alone PDP offerings representing 12% of our stand-alone PDP membership, operated at a loss with a MER of 116% in 2006. The reason for the operating loss primarily related to the product’s design, including covering brand name prescription drugs in the coverage gap. The coverage gap represents the stage of coverage where the member would be responsible for the cost under a standard plan. The Complete stand-alone PDP offering was re-designed for 2007.
In addition, the new stand-alone PDP benefit designs impacted our quarterly earnings pattern. These benefit designs result in coverage that varies as a member’s cumulative out-of-pocket costs pass through successive stages of a member’s plan period as specified under the standard plan defined by CMS. These plan designs generally result in us sharing a greater portion of the responsibility for total pharmacy costs in the early stages of a member’s plan period and less in the later stages for the plans which comprise the majority of our membership. This generally produces results that improve as the year progresses. For example, during 2006 our Standard and Enhanced stand-alone PDP offerings resulted in an MER of 97.7% during the first quarter, improving to 74.7% during the fourth quarter.
Commercial Segment
Commercial segment medical membership increased 113,000 members, or 3.6% from December 31, 2005 to 3,283,800 at December 31, 2006 as a result of the May 1, 2006 CHA acquisition which added 88,400 members and higher ASO, individual and consumer-choice membership, partially offset by a decline in our fully insured group membership. ASO membership at December 31, 2006 was up 31% from December 31, 2005. Individual membership increased 15% and consumer-choice membership increased 13% during 2006. These three areas, together with our small group business, now represent more than 84% of our Commercial medical membership.
Other Highlights
 
 	•	 	Year over year comparisons have been impacted by litigation and Hurricane Katrina expenses in 2005 that did not recur in 2006, as more fully discussed in the next section.	
 
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 	•	 	Cash flows from operations increased $1,076.6 million to $1,686.7 million for 2006 compared to $610.1 million for 2005 primarily due to Medicare enrollment growth, improved earnings and the impact of our new Part D offering. Our operating cash flows were favorably impacted by the Part D provisions of our Medicare contracts, including $738.7 million in estimated net amounts owed to CMS under the Part D risk corridor provisions which are expected to be settled in mid-2007.	
 
 	•	 	Net gains of $75.7 million from sales of venture capital investments contributed to investment income during 2006.	
 
 	•	 	The effective income tax rate was 36.0% for 2006 compared to 26.3% for 2005. The lower effective tax rate in 2005 primarily reflects the favorable impact from the resolution of a contingent gain of $22.8 million.	
 
 	•	 	We issued $500 million of 6.45% senior notes due June 1, 2016 in May 2006, replaced our existing 5-year $600 million unsecured revolving credit agreement with a new 5-year $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit agreement in July 2006, and repaid our $300 million of 7.25% senior notes in August 2006. These transactions are more fully described in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	
We intend for the discussion of our financial condition and results of operations that follows to assist in the understanding of our financial statements and related changes in certain key items in those financial statements from year to year, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain critical accounting principles and estimates impact our financial statements.
2005 Settlement of Class Action Litigation
On October 17, 2005, we reached an agreement with representatives of more than 700,000 physicians to settle a nationwide class action suit. In connection with the settlement and other related litigation costs, we recorded pretax administrative expenses of $71.9 million ($44.8 million after taxes, or $0.27 per diluted common share) in the third quarter of 2005. Of the $71.9 million, $33.4 million was included in the Government segment results and the remaining $38.5 million was included in the Commercial segment results. These amounts were paid in 2006.
2005 Hurricane Katrina
Certain of our operations, primarily the Louisiana market, were negatively affected by the impact of Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Expenses related to Hurricane Katrina primarily stemmed from our efforts, in cooperation with Departments of Insurance in the affected states, to help our members by offering participating-provider benefits at non-participating providers’ rates, paying claims for members who were unable at the time to meet their premium obligations and similar measures. In connection with Hurricane Katrina, we recorded pretax medical and administrative expenses of $27.0 million ($16.9 million after taxes, or $0.10 per diluted common share) during the third and fourth quarters of 2005. Of the $27.0 million, $5.9 million was included in the Government segment results and the remaining $21.1 million was included in the Commercial segment results.
Recent Acquisitions
On May 1, 2006, our Commercial segment acquired CHA Service Company, or CHA Health, a health plan serving employer groups in Kentucky, for cash consideration of $67.5 million, including a $1.7 million contingent purchase price settlement paid in January 2007. This acquisition strengthens our position in the Kentucky market. The acquisition of CHA Health added approximately 60,100 fully insured group members and 28,300 ASO members to our Commercial segment medical membership. This transaction did not have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows from operations for 2006.
 
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On December 20, 2005, our Commercial segment acquired Corphealth, Inc., a behavioral health care management company, for cash consideration of approximately $54.0 million. This acquisition allows Humana to integrate coverage of medical and behavior health benefits.
On February 16, 2005, we acquired CarePlus Health Plans of Florida, or CarePlus, as well as its affiliated 10 medical centers and pharmacy company for approximately $444.9 million in cash, adding approximately 50,400 Medicare Advantage members in Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties. This acquisition enhances our Medicare market position in South Florida.
On April 1, 2004, we acquired Ochsner Health Plan, or Ochsner, from the Ochsner Clinic Foundation for $157.1 million in cash. Ochsner, a Louisiana health plan, added approximately 152,600 commercial medical members, primarily in fully insured large group accounts, and approximately 33,100 members in the Medicare Advantage program.
During 2006, we paid $5.8 million in contingent purchase price settlements related to the Corphealth, CarePlus, and Ochsner acquisitions.
These transactions are more fully described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an Interpretation of FASB Statement 109, or FIN 48. FIN 48 prescribes a comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in its financial statements uncertain tax positions that the company has taken or expects to take on a tax return. FIN 48 also revises disclosure requirements and introduces a prescriptive, annual, tabular roll-forward of the unrecognized tax benefits. FIN 48, which became effective for us beginning January 1, 2007, requires the change in net assets that results from the application of the new accounting model to be reflected as an adjustment to retained earnings. The adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans , or SFAS 158. We adopted SFAS 158 prospectively in the fourth quarter of 2006 for the year ending December 31, 2006. SFAS 158 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan (other than a multiemployer plan) as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position, and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. SFAS 158 also requires an employer to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of its year-end statement of financial position and revises certain disclosure requirements. The benefit obligation is defined as the projected benefit obligation for pension plans and as the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for any other postretirement benefit plan, such as a retiree health care plan. The adoption of SFAS 158 did not have a material impact on our financial position.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS 157. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 does not require new fair value measurements. We are required to adopt SFAS 157 in the first quarter of 2008. We currently are evaluating the provisions of SFAS 157, however, we do not expect the adoption of SFAS 157 will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
 
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Comparison of Results of Operations for 2006 and 2005
Certain financial data for our two segments was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:

 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	Change	 	
 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	Dollars	 	 	Percentage	 	
 	  	(dollars in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Premium revenues:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medicare Advantage	  	$	8,499,064	 	 	$	4,590,362	 	 	$	3,908,702	 	 	85.2	%	
Medicare stand-alone PDP	  	 	3,050,304	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	3,050,304	 	 	100.0	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Medicare	  	 	11,549,368	 	 	 	4,590,362	 	 	 	6,959,006	 	 	151.6	%	
TRICARE	  	 	2,543,930	 	 	 	2,407,653	 	 	 	136,277	 	 	5.7	%	
Medicaid	  	 	520,520	 	 	 	548,714	 	 	 	(28,194	)	 	(5.1	)%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Government	  	 	14,613,818	 	 	 	7,546,729	 	 	 	7,067,089	 	 	93.6	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fully insured	  	 	5,704,378	 	 	 	6,068,115	 	 	 	(363,737	)	 	(6.0	)%	
Specialty	  	 	410,986	 	 	 	386,747	 	 	 	24,239	 	 	6.3	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Commercial	  	 	6,115,364	 	 	 	6,454,862	 	 	 	(339,498	)	 	(5.3	)%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	20,729,182	 	 	$	14,001,591	 	 	$	6,727,591	 	 	48.0	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Administrative services fees:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government	  	$	49,442	 	 	$	50,059	 	 	$	(617	)	 	(1.2	)%	
Commercial	  	 	291,769	 	 	 	209,378	 	 	 	82,391	 	 	39.4	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	341,211	 	 	$	259,437	 	 	$	81,774	 	 	31.5	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before income taxes(a):	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government	  	$	513,845	 	 	$	316,676	 	 	$	197,169	 	 	62.3	%	
Commercial	  	 	248,240	 	 	 	86,204	 	 	 	162,036	 	 	188.0	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	762,085	 	 	$	402,880	 	 	$	359,205	 	 	89.2	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medical expense ratios(b):	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government	  	 	85.0	%	 	 	83.1	%	 	 	 	 	 	1.9	%	
Commercial	  	 	81.7	%	 	 	83.3	%	 	 	 	 	 	(1.6	)%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	 	84.0	%	 	 	83.2	%	 	 	 	 	 	0.8	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
SG&A expense ratios(a)(c):	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government	  	 	11.8	%	 	 	12.7	%	 	 	 	 	 	(0.9	)%	
Commercial	  	 	20.2	%	 	 	18.5	%	 	 	 	 	 	1.7	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	 	14.3	%	 	 	15.4	%	 	 	 	 	 	(1.1	)%	

(a)	Prior period amounts have been adjusted to reflect the expensing of stock awards under the modified retrospective application method of SFAS 123R as more fully discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	
(b)	Represents total medical expenses as a percentage of premium revenue. Also known as MER.	
(c)	Represents total selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of premium revenues and administrative services fees. Also known as the SG&A expense ratio.	
 
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Medical membership was as follows at December 31, 2006 and 2005:

 	  	 	  	 	  	Change	 	
 	  	2006	  	2005	  	Members	 	 	Percentage	 	
Government segment medical members:	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Medicare Advantage	  	1,002,600	  	557,800	  	444,800	 	 	79.7	%	
Medicare stand-alone PDP	  	3,536,600	  	—  	  	3,536,600	 	 	100.0	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Medicare	  	4,539,200	  	557,800	  	3,981,400	 	 	713.8	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
TRICARE	  	1,716,400	  	1,750,900	  	(34,500	)	 	(2.0	)%	
TRICARE ASO	  	1,163,600	  	1,138,200	  	25,400	 	 	2.2	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Total TRICARE	  	2,880,000	  	2,889,100	  	(9,100	)	 	(0.3	)%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Medicaid	  	390,700	  	457,900	  	(67,200	)	 	(14.7	)%	
Medicaid ASO	  	178,400	  	—  	  	178,400	 	 	100.0	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Medicaid	  	569,100	  	457,900	  	111,200	 	 	24.3	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Government	  	7,988,300	  	3,904,800	  	4,083,500	 	 	104.6	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial segment medical members:	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Fully insured	  	1,754,200	  	1,999,800	  	(245,600	)	 	(12.3	)%	
ASO	  	1,529,600	  	1,171,000	  	358,600	 	 	30.6	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Commercial	  	3,283,800	  	3,170,800	  	113,000	 	 	3.6	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Total medical membership	  	11,272,100	  	7,075,600	  	4,196,500	 	 	59.3	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
This table of financial data should be reviewed in connection with the discussion on the following pages.
Summary
Net income was $487.4 million, or $2.90 per diluted common share, in 2006 compared to $296.7 million, or $1.79 per diluted common share, in 2005. Net income for 2005 included expenses resulting from the physician class action settlement ($44.8 million after taxes, or $0.27 per diluted common share) and costs associated with Hurricane Katrina ($16.9 million after taxes, or $0.10 per diluted common share) described previously. Net income for 2005 also included the beneficial effect of an effective tax rate of approximately 26.3% compared to 36.0% in 2006, primarily due to the resolution of a contingent gain ($22.8 million, or $0.14 per diluted common share) during the first quarter of 2005 in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations on an uncertain tax position related to the 2000 tax year. After considering litigation and Hurricane Katrina expenses and the favorable tax gain contingency in 2005, the remaining year over year improvement in 2006 results from earnings increases in both the Government and Commercial segments.
Premium Revenues and Medical Membership
Premium revenues reflect changes in membership and increases in average per member premiums. Items impacting average per member premiums include changes in premium rates as well as changes in the geographic mix of membership, the mix of product offerings, and the mix of benefit plans selected by our membership. Premium revenues increased 48.0% to $20.7 billion for 2006, compared to $14.0 billion for 2005. Higher Government segment premium revenues were partially offset by a decrease in Commercial segment premium revenues. Premium revenues reflect higher enrollment in our Medicare Advantage plans and the addition of our stand-alone PDP business.
Government segment premium revenues increased $7.1 billion, or 93.6% to $14.6 billion for 2006, compared to $7.5 billion for 2005. This increase primarily was attributable to the expanded participation in various Medicare products and geographic markets. Sales of our PFFS products drove the majority of the 79.7%
 
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increase in Medicare Advantage members since December 31, 2005. At December 31, 2006, approximately 47% of the company’s Medicare Advantage members were in PFFS plans versus 22% at December 31, 2005. Additionally, our new Medicare stand-alone PDP products added 3,536,600 members and $3.1 billion in new premium revenues during 2006. Medicaid membership increased 111,200 members from December 31, 2005 due primarily to the award of a new Puerto Rico regional ASO contract in the fourth quarter of 2006 partially offset by eligible Puerto Rico Medicaid members choosing to move into the Medicare program.
Commercial segment premium revenues decreased 5.3% to $6.1 billion for 2006 compared to $6.5 billion for 2005. Lower premium revenues primarily resulted from a reduction of fully insured membership. Our fully insured membership decreased 12.3%, or 245,600 members, to 1,754,200 at December 31, 2006 compared to 1,999,800 at December 31, 2005 primarily as a result of continued attrition within the fully insured group accounts, partially offset by membership gains from the CHA acquisition, and membership increases in the individual and consumer-choice product lines. Attrition in the fully insured group accounts results from a competitive pricing environment. Average per member premiums for our fully insured group medical members increased approximately 5.7% from 2005 to 2006. The average per member premium increase reflects a shift in the mix in our fully insured group membership from large groups to individuals and small groups as large groups continue to move to an administrative services only offering. Average per member premiums are lower for individuals and small groups than large groups.
Administrative Services Fees
Our administrative services fees for 2006 were $341.2 million, an increase of $81.8 million, or 31.5%, from $259.4 million for 2005. The increase was due to increases in our Commercial segment administrative services fees.
For the Commercial segment, administrative services fees increased $82.4 million, or 39.4%, from $209.4 million for 2005 to $291.8 million for 2006. This increase resulted from increased membership. ASO membership of 1,171,000 members at December 31, 2005 increased 30.6% to 1,529,600 at December 31, 2006. Average per member fees increased approximately 19% in 2006. ASO fees from our Commercial segment represent 86% of total ASO fees.
Investment Income
Investment income totaled $291.9 million for 2006, an increase of $148.9 million from $143.0 million for 2005. The increase in investment income for 2006 primarily resulted from higher venture capital gains, and higher average invested balances and interest rates. Investment income for 2006 includes $75.7 million in net realized gains related to venture capital investments compared to $5.7 million in 2005.
Other Revenue
Other revenue totaled $54.3 million for 2006, an increase of $40.2 million from $14.1 million for 2005. The increase primarily was attributable to revenue from our new in-house mail order pharmacy operations in 2006.
Medical Expense
Consolidated medical expense was $17.4 billion for 2006, an increase of $5.7 billion, or 48.7%, from $11.7 billion for 2005. The increase was primarily driven by the increase in the number of members, particularly higher cost Medicare members, and an increase in average per member claims costs primarily from the effects of health care inflation.
The consolidated MER for 2006 was 84.0%, an 80 basis point increase from 83.2% for 2005. Higher medical expenses from Hurricane Katrina increased the 2005 MER 20 basis points. An improvement in the Commercial segment MER was more than offset by a higher Government segment MER impacted by the new Medicare stand-alone PDP offerings.
 
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The Government segment’s medical expenses increased $6.2 billion, or 98.1%, during 2006 compared to 2005. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the number of Medicare members, including those enrolled in our stand-alone PDPs.
The Government segment’s MER for 2006 was 85.0%, a 190 basis point increase from 2005 of 83.1%. The increase was primarily attributable to the introduction of the stand-alone PDPs in January 2006 with an MER of 92.5% for 2006. The stand-alone PDP MER was negatively impacted by an MER in our Complete plan of 115.9% for 2006, one of three stand-alone PDP offerings representing approximately 12% of our stand-alone PDP members. We expect MER to improve in 2007 to approximately 82% to 84% for our combined Medicare Advantage and stand-alone PDP offerings.
The Commercial segment’s medical expenses decreased $382.3 million, or 7.1%, from 2005 to 2006. This decrease primarily results from the decrease in fully insured group membership partially offset by the increase in average per member claims costs. The increase in average per member claims costs for fully insured group members was approximately 6% for 2006 and is expected to range from 5% to 6% for 2007.
The MER for the Commercial segment of 81.7% in 2006 decreased 160 basis points from 2005 MER of 83.3%. Higher medical expenses from Hurricane Katrina increased the 2005 MER 30 basis points. The decrease in MER primarily reflects improving medical cost utilization trends and an increase in the percentage of individual and small group members comprising our total fully insured block. Individual and smaller group accounts generally carry a lower MER than larger group accounts.
SG&A Expense
Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $825.9 million, or 37.6%, during 2006 compared to 2005. The increase primarily resulted from an increase in the number of employees and increased sales and marketing costs due to the Medicare expansion offset by prior year litigation expenses which did not recur in 2006. The number of employees increased by 3,600 to 22,300 from 18,700 at December 31, 2005, primarily in the customer service and marketing functions associated with the growth in the Medicare business.
The consolidated SG&A expense ratio for 2006 was 14.3%, decreasing 110 basis points from 15.4% for 2005. Expenses related to the litigation settlement increased the SG&A expense ratio 50 basis points for 2005. After considering the effects of the litigation settlement, the remaining decrease resulted from growth in revenues from higher average medical membership outpacing the related increase in administrative spending on a consolidated basis during 2006.
Our Government and Commercial segments bear direct and indirect overhead SG&A expenses. We allocate indirect overhead expenses shared by the two segments primarily as a function of revenues. As a result, the profitability of each segment is interdependent.
Government segment SG&A expenses of $1,730.2 million for 2006 increased $766.9 million, or 79.6%, from 2005. The increase primarily resulted from higher expenses associated with the infrastructure build out of our expanded Medicare offerings in the latter half of 2005 through the first half of 2006 as well as increased sales and marketing costs in 2006 also related to the Medicare expansion.
The Government segment SG&A expense ratio decreased 90 basis points from 12.7% for 2005 to 11.8% for 2006. Expenses related to the litigation settlement increased the SG&A expense ratio 50 basis points for 2005. After considering the effect of the litigation, the decrease from 2005 to 2006 resulted from average membership and related revenue associated with the Medicare expansion reaching the levels contemplated by the now complete build-out of infrastructure and support functions which began in the latter half of 2005, providing more leverage against administrative costs in 2006.
 
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The Commercial segment SG&A expenses increased $59.0 million, or 4.8%, during 2006 compared to 2005. The Commercial segment SG&A expense ratio of 20.2% for 2006 increased 170 basis points from 18.5% for 2005. Expenses related to the litigation settlement increased the SG&A expense ratio 60 basis points for 2005. After considering the effect of the litigation, the increase primarily resulted from an increase in the percentage of small group members comprising our total fully insured membership as well as the continued shift in the mix of membership towards ASO. At December 31, 2005, 37% of our Commercial segment medical membership related to ASO business compared to 47% at December 31, 2006. Small group accounts bear a higher SG&A ratio than larger group accounts and ASO business bears a significantly higher SG&A ratio than fully insured business.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization for 2006 totaled $148.6 million compared to $128.9 million in 2005, an increase of $19.7 million, or 15.3%. The increase resulted primarily from capital expenditures related to the Medicare expansion.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $63.1 million for 2006, compared to $39.3 million for 2005, an increase of $23.8 million. This increase primarily resulted from higher average outstanding debt and higher interest rates.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate for 2006 of 36.0% increased 9.7% compared to the 26.3% effective tax rate for 2005. The higher effective tax rate for 2006 is primarily due to the resolution of a contingent tax gain of $22.8 million in the first quarter of 2005 in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations on an uncertain tax position related to the 2000 tax year which did not recur in 2006. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a complete reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to the effective tax rate. We expect the 2007 effective tax rate to be in the range of 36% to 37%.
 
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Comparison of Results of Operations for 2005 and 2004
Certain financial data for our two segments was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004:

 	  	 	 	 	Change	 	
 	  	2005	 	 	2004	 	 	Dollars	 	 	Percentage	 	
 	  	(dollars in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Premium revenues:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medicare Advantage	  	$	4,590,362	 	 	$	3,086,598	 	 	$	1,503,764	 	 	48.7	%	
TRICARE	  	 	2,407,653	 	 	 	2,127,595	 	 	 	280,058	 	 	13.2	%	
Medicaid	  	 	548,714	 	 	 	511,193	 	 	 	37,521	 	 	7.3	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Government	  	 	7,546,729	 	 	 	5,725,386	 	 	 	1,821,343	 	 	31.8	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fully insured	  	 	6,068,115	 	 	 	6,614,482	 	 	 	(546,367	)	 	(8.3	)%	
Specialty	  	 	386,747	 	 	 	349,564	 	 	 	37,183	 	 	10.6	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Commercial	  	 	6,454,862	 	 	 	6,964,046	 	 	 	(509,184	)	 	(7.3	)%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	14,001,591	 	 	$	12,689,432	 	 	$	1,312,159	 	 	10.3	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Administrative services fees:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government	  	$	50,059	 	 	$	106,764	 	 	$	(56,705	)	 	(53.1	)%	
Commercial	  	 	209,378	 	 	 	166,032	 	 	 	43,346	 	 	26.1	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	259,437	 	 	$	272,796	 	 	$	(13,359	)	 	(4.9	)%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before income taxes(a):	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government	  	$	316,676	 	 	$	269,063	 	 	$	47,613	 	 	17.7	%	
Commercial	  	 	86,204	 	 	 	130,315	 	 	 	(44,111	)	 	(33.8	)%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	402,880	 	 	$	399,378	 	 	$	3,502	 	 	0.9	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medical expense ratios(b):	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government	  	 	83.1	%	 	 	84.3	%	 	 	 	 	 	(1.2	)%	
Commercial	  	 	83.3	%	 	 	83.9	%	 	 	 	 	 	(0.6	)%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	 	83.2	%	 	 	84.1	%	 	 	 	 	 	(0.9	)%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
SG&A expense ratios(a)(c):	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government	  	 	12.7	%	 	 	12.3	%	 	 	 	 	 	0.4	%	
Commercial	  	 	18.5	%	 	 	16.5	%	 	 	 	 	 	2.0	%	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	 	15.4	%	 	 	14.6	%	 	 	 	 	 	0.8	%	

(a)	Prior period amounts have been adjusted to reflect the expensing of stock awards under the modified retrospective application method of SFAS 123R as more fully discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	
(b)	Represents total medical expenses as a percentage of premium revenue. Also known as MER.	
(c)	Represents total selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of premium revenues and administrative services fees. Also known as the SG&A expense ratio.	
 
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Medical membership was as follows at December 31, 2005 and 2004:

 	  	 	  	 	  	Change	 	
 	  	2005	  	2004	  	Members	 	 	Percentage	 	
Government segment medical members:	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Medicare Advantage	  	557,800	  	377,200	  	180,600	 	 	47.9	%	
Medicaid	  	457,900	  	478,600	  	(20,700	)	 	(4.3	)%	
TRICARE	  	1,750,900	  	1,789,400	  	(38,500	)	 	(2.2	)%	
TRICARE ASO	  	1,138,200	  	1,082,400	  	55,800	 	 	5.2	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Total TRICARE	  	2,889,100	  	2,871,800	  	17,300	 	 	0.6	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Government	  	3,904,800	  	3,727,600	  	177,200	 	 	4.8	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial segment medical members:	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Fully insured	  	1,999,800	  	2,286,500	  	(286,700	)	 	(12.5	)%	
ASO	  	1,171,000	  	1,018,600	  	152,400	 	 	15.0	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Commercial	  	3,170,800	  	3,305,100	  	(134,300	)	 	(4.1	)%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Total medical membership	  	7,075,600	  	7,032,700	  	42,900	 	 	0.6	%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
This table of financial data should be reviewed in connection with the discussion on the following pages.
Summary
Net income was $296.7 million, or $1.79 per diluted common share, in 2005 compared to $269.9 million, or $1.66 per diluted common share, in 2004. The increase in net income primarily resulted from improved profits in our Government segment, driven by gains in Medicare Advantage membership and improved pretax results in both our Medicare Advantage and TRICARE operations.
Net income for 2005 included expenses resulting from the class action litigation settlement ($44.8 million after taxes, or $0.27 per diluted common share) and costs associated with Hurricane Katrina ($16.9 million after taxes, or $0.10 per diluted common share). Net income for 2005 also included the favorable effect of an effective tax rate of approximately 26.3% compared to 32.4% in 2004, primarily due to the resolution of a contingent tax gain ($22.8 million, or $0.14 per diluted common share) during the first quarter of 2005 in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations on an uncertain tax position related to the 2000 tax year.
Premium Revenues and Medical Membership
Premium revenues increased 10.3% to $14.0 billion for 2005, compared to $12.7 billion for 2004. Higher Government segment premium revenues were partially offset by a decrease in Commercial segment premium revenues.
Government segment premium revenues increased 31.8% to $7.5 billion for 2005, compared to $5.7 billion for 2004. This increase primarily was attributable to our Medicare Advantage operations and the effects of transitioning to the TRICARE South Region contract during 2004. Medicare Advantage membership was 557,800 at December 31, 2005, compared to 377,200 at December 31, 2004, an increase of 180,600 members, or 47.9%. This increase was due to expanded participation in various Medicare Advantage programs and geographic markets, as well as the CarePlus acquisition. The February 16, 2005 CarePlus acquisition added 50,400 members and $486.3 million in premium revenues in 2005. Average per member premiums for our Medicare Advantage business increased approximately 12% during 2005. This reflects a shift in our Medicare Advantage membership mix to higher reimbursement markets, due primarily to the South Florida CarePlus acquisition. TRICARE premium revenues increased 13.2% in 2005, reflecting the transition to the new South Region contract during 2004 which included a temporary loss of approximately 1 million members for 4 months in 2004. Medicaid membership declined by 20,700 members from December 31, 2004 to December 31, 2005
 
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primarily due to the fact that we did not renew our participation in the Medicaid program for the State of Illinois on July 31, 2005. The Illinois Medicaid business was not material to our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Commercial segment premium revenues decreased 7.3% to $6.5 billion for 2005, compared to $7.0 billion for 2004. Lower premium revenues primarily resulted from a reduction of fully insured membership partially offset by increases in average per member premiums. Our fully insured membership decreased 12.5%, or 286,700 members, to 1,999,800 at December 31, 2005 compared to 2,286,500 at December 31, 2004. The decrease is primarily due to the relinquishment of an 89,000-member unprofitable account on January 1, 2005 and continued attrition due to the ongoing competitive environment within the fully insured group accounts, partially offset by membership gains in the individual and consumer-choice product lines. Average per member premiums for our fully insured group medical members increased approximately 7.4% in 2005.
Administrative Services Fees
Our administrative services fees for 2005 were $259.4 million, a decrease of $13.4 million, or 4.9%, from $272.8 million for 2004.
Administrative services fees for the Government segment decreased $56.7 million, or 53.1%, from $106.8 million for 2004 to $50.1 million for 2005. This decline resulted from the transition to the new South Region contract which carved out certain government programs including the administration of pharmacy and medical benefits to senior members over the age of 65. We transitioned services under these separate programs to other providers during 2004.
For the Commercial segment, administrative services fees increased $43.4 million, or 26.1%, from $166.0 million for 2004 to $209.4 million for 2005. This increase resulted from increased membership and higher average per member fees. ASO membership of 1,171,000 members at December 31, 2005 increased 15.0% compared to 1,018,600 at December 31, 2004. Average per member fees increased approximately 8% in 2005.
Investment Income
Investment income totaled $143.0 million in 2005, an increase of $10.2 million from $132.8 million in 2004. This increase primarily was attributable to higher interest rates and average invested balances offset by lower capital gains. Net realized capital gains of $18.3 million in 2005 decreased $9.9 million from $28.2 million in 2004. As of December 31, 2005, we had an unrealized gain of $52.3 million related to a venture capital investment which was realized in the first quarter of 2006.
Medical Expense
Consolidated medical expenses increased $981.8 million or 9.2% during 2005. The increase was primarily driven by the increase in average per member claims costs primarily from the effects of health care inflation and incremental medical expenses related to the CarePlus acquisition.
The consolidated MER for 2005 was 83.2%, decreasing 90 basis points from 84.1% for 2004 due to improvements in both the Commercial and Government segments as further discussed below. The 2005 consolidated MER includes 20 basis points for expenses associated with Hurricane Katrina.
The Government segment’s medical expenses increased $1.4 billion, or 30.0% during 2005 primarily due to the increase in average per member claims costs and the increase in the number of Medicare Advantage members, including those related to the CarePlus acquisition. The increase in average per member claims costs for Medicare Advantage approximated 8% to 10% during 2005.
The Government segment’s MER for 2005 was 83.1%, a 120 basis point decrease from the 2004 rate of 84.3%. Excluding a 10 basis point increase in the 2005 MER from Hurricane Katrina, the decrease was primarily
 
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attributable to the increase in Medicare Advantage revenues as a percentage of total Government segment revenues and average per member Medicare Advantage premiums outpacing average per member Medicare Advantage claim costs.
The Commercial segment’s medical expenses decreased $465.2 million, or 8.0%. This decrease primarily results from the decrease in fully insured group membership partially offset by the increase in average per member claims costs. The increase in average per member claims costs for fully insured group members was approximately 7% to 9% for 2005.
The MER for the Commercial segment of 83.3% in 2005 decreased 60 basis points from the 2004 MER of 83.9%. Higher medical expenses from Hurricane Katrina increased the 2005 MER 30 basis points. After considering the effect of Hurricane Katrina, the decrease in MER for the 2005 period primarily reflects the absence of the unprofitable 89,000-member large group account that lapsed on January 1, 2005.
SG&A Expense
Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $301.3 million or 15.9% during 2005 primarily resulting from an increase in the number of employees due to the Medicare expansion, the class action litigation settlement, and increased advertising and marketing costs also due to the Medicare expansion. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in administrative expenses associated with transitioning to the TRICARE South Region contract in 2004. During 2005, the number of employees increased 5,000 to 18,700 at December 31, 2005, primarily in the sales and customer service functions associated with the growth in the Medicare business, as well as approximately 1,200 employees added with the CarePlus acquisition.
The consolidated SG&A expense ratio for 2005 was 15.4%, increasing 80 basis points from 14.6% for 2004. Expenses related to the class action litigation settlement increased the SG&A expense ratio 50 basis points for 2005. After considering the effect of litigation expenses, the SG&A expense ratio increase primarily resulted from a commercial membership mix shift and increased spending associated with the Medicare expansion.
Our Government and Commercial segments bear direct and indirect overhead SG&A expenses. We allocate indirect overhead expenses shared by the two segments primarily as a function of revenues. As a result, the profitability of each segment is interdependent.
SG&A expenses in the Government segment increased $248.1 million, or 34.7% during 2005 due to the CarePlus acquisition, increased spending associated with the Medicare expansion, and the class action litigation settlement. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in TRICARE expenses from the transition to the South Region contract in 2004. The Government segment SG&A expense ratio increased 40 basis points from 12.3% for 2004 to 12.7% for 2005. Expenses related to the class action litigation settlement increased the SG&A expense ratio 50 basis points for 2005.
The Commercial segment SG&A expenses increased $53.2 million, or 4.5% during 2005. The Commercial segment SG&A expense ratio increased 200 basis points from 16.5% for 2004 to 18.5% for 2005. Expenses related to the class action litigation settlement increased the SG&A expense ratio 60 basis points for 2005. After considering the effect of litigation expenses, this increase resulted from the continued shift in the mix of membership towards ASO. ASO business bears a significantly higher SG&A ratio than fully insured business.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization for 2005 totaled $128.9 million compared to $117.8 million for 2004, an increase of $11.1 million, or 9.4%. Amortization of other intangible assets increased $13.3 million during 2005 primarily as a result of intangible assets recorded in connection with the CarePlus acquisition.
 
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Interest Expense
Interest expense was $39.3 million for 2005, compared to $23.2 million for 2004, an increase of $16.1 million. This increase primarily resulted from higher interest rates and higher average outstanding debt.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate in 2005 of 26.3% decreased 6.1% compared to the 32.4% effective tax rate in 2004. The effective tax rate for 2005 reflects the favorable impact from the resolution of a contingent tax gain of $22.8 million during the first quarter of 2005 in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations on an uncertain tax position related to the 2000 tax year. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a complete reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to the effective tax rate.
Liquidity
Our primary sources of cash include receipts of premiums, ASO fees, CMS settlements, investment income, as well as proceeds from the sale or maturity of our investment securities and from borrowings. Our primary uses of cash include disbursements for claims payments, SG&A expenses, CMS settlements, interest expense, taxes, purchases of investment securities, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and payments on borrowings. Because premiums generally are collected in advance of claim payments by a period of up to several months in many instances, our business should normally produce positive cash flows during a period of increasing enrollment. Conversely, cash flows would be negatively impacted during a period of shrinking enrollment. We have recently been experiencing improving operating cash flows associated with growth in Medicare enrollment. The use of operating cash flows may be limited by regulatory requirements which require, among other items, that our regulated subsidiaries maintain minimum levels of capital.
Cash and cash equivalents increased to $1,740.3 million at December 31, 2006 from $732.0 million at December 31, 2005. The change in cash and cash equivalents for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 is summarized as follows:

 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	  	$	1,686,712	 	 	$	610,082	 	 	$	344,061	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	  	 	(1,654,066	)	 	 	(767,276	)	 	 	(624,081	)	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	  	 	975,642	 	 	 	309,131	 	 	 	(71,305	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	  	$	1,008,288	 	 	$	151,937	 	 	$	(351,325	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
The increase in operating cash flows for 2006 resulted from Medicare enrollment growth, improved earnings, and the timing of cash flows associated with our new Medicare Part D offerings. Our Part D results related to both stand-alone PDP and MA-PD offerings reflect provisions for net amounts payable to CMS of $738.7 million under the risk corridor terms of our contracts with CMS. This risk corridor amount, which is expected to be paid mid-2007, reflects favorable experience on allowable risk corridor costs during the second half of 2006 compared to the expectations set out in our original annual bid for 2006 contracts with CMS. The favorable experience was associated with the Medicare Part D portion of our MA-PD offerings as well as our Standard and Enhanced stand-alone plans.
Comparisons of our operating cash flows between 2005 and 2004 were significantly impacted by the timing of the Medicare premium remittance which is payable to us on the first day of each month. When the first day of a month falls on a weekend or holiday, we historically received this payment at the end of the previous month. As such, the Medicare receipt for January 2004 of $211.9 million was received in December 2003 because January 1 is a holiday.
 
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Beginning in 2005, the monthly premium payment schedule included a change in timing from previous practice. This new practice made an exception to the holiday rule for the January 1 payment. Although January 1 always represents a holiday, the new practice results in the January 1 payment being received on the first business day of January. As a result of this change, the January 2005 payment of $290.3 million originally scheduled to be received on Friday, December 31, 2004, was changed to Monday, January 3, 2005, or one business day later. Therefore, we received 12 monthly Medicare premium remittances in 2006 and 2005, compared to only 11 in 2004.
In addition to the impact from the timing of the Medicare premium receipts, higher earnings and Medicare enrollment growth contributed to increased operating cash flows in 2005 and 2004.
Comparisons of our operating cash flows also are impacted by other changes in our working capital. The most significant drivers of changes in our working capital are typically the timing of receipts for premiums and ASO fees and payments of medical expenses. We illustrate these changes with the following summary of receivables and medical and other expenses payable.
The detail of total net receivables was as follows at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:

 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Change	 	
 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	 	2006	 	 	2005	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
TRICARE:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Base receivable	  	$	452,509	 	 	$	509,444	 	 	$	396,355	 	 	$	(56,935	)	 	$	113,089	 	
Bid price adjustments (BPAs)	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	25,601	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(25,601	)	
Change orders	  	 	4,247	 	 	 	32,285	 	 	 	6,021	 	 	 	(28,038	)	 	 	26,264	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
TRICARE subtotal	  	 	456,756	 	 	 	541,729	 	 	 	427,977	 	 	 	(84,973	)	 	 	113,752	 	
Medicare	  	 	143,875	 	 	 	66,536	 	 	 	2,287	 	 	 	77,339	 	 	 	64,249	 	
Commercial and other	  	 	125,899	 	 	 	162,944	 	 	 	183,857	 	 	 	(37,045	)	 	 	(20,913	)	
Allowance for doubtful accounts	  	 	(45,589	)	 	 	(32,557	)	 	 	(34,506	)	 	 	(13,032	)	 	 	1,949	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total net receivables	  	$	680,941	 	 	$	738,652	 	 	$	579,615	 	 	 	(57,711	)	 	 	159,037	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Reconciliation to cash flow statement:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision for doubtful accounts	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	20,901	 	 	 	4,566	 	
Receivables from acquisition	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(843	)	 	 	(2,289	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in receivables per cash flow statement	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	(37,653	)	 	$	161,314	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
TRICARE base receivables consist of estimated amounts owed from the federal government for claims incurred including claims incurred but not reported, or IBNR, and underwriting fees. The claim reimbursement component of TRICARE base receivables is generally collected over a three to four month period. The $56.9 million decrease in base receivables resulted primarily from a timing difference in our claim reimbursements partially offset by an increase in underwriting fee receivables.
The increase in TRICARE base receivables from 2004 to 2005 was primarily due to the transition to the reimbursement model under the South Region contract beginning on August 1, 2004 and higher claims inventories at our third party claims processing vendor. The transition to the South region contract had the effect of increasing the TRICARE base receivable and a corresponding increase in TRICARE claims payable.
The $28.0 million decrease in TRICARE change order receivables from 2005 to 2006 resulted from the collection of receivables in 2006 related to an equitable adjustment to the contract price negotiated in late 2005 for services not originally specified in the contract.
 
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The $77.3 million increase in Medicare receivables in 2006 resulted from the growth in Medicare membership while the $64.2 million increase in 2005 was due to an increase in receivables associated with CMS’s risk adjustment model.
The decline in Commercial and other receivables since December 31, 2004 results from the change in the mix of members from fully insured to ASO.
The detail of medical and other expenses payable was as follows at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:

 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	Change	 	
 	  	2006	  	2005	  	2004	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
IBNR(1)	  	$	1,678,052	  	$	1,074,489	  	$	879,871	  	$	603,563	 	 	$	194,618	 	
TRICARE claims payable(2)	  	 	430,674	  	 	514,426	  	 	315,535	  	 	(83,752	)	 	 	198,891	 	
Reported claims in process(3)	  	 	98,033	  	 	67,065	  	 	73,883	  	 	30,968	 	 	 	(6,818	)	
Other medical expenses payable(4)	  	 	281,502	  	 	253,702	  	 	152,721	  	 	27,800	 	 	 	100,981	 	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total medical and other expenses payable	  	$	2,488,261	  	$	1,909,682	  	$	1,422,010	  	 	578,579	 	 	 	487,672	 	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Reconciliation to cash flow statement:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medical and other expenses payable from acquisition	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	(21,198	)	 	 	(37,375	)	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in medical and other expenses payable in cash flow statement	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	$	557,381	 	 	$	450,297	 	

(1)	IBNR represents an estimate of medical expenses payable for claims incurred but not reported (IBNR) at the balance sheet date. The level of IBNR is primarily impacted by membership levels, medical claim trends and the receipt cycle time, which represents the length of time between when a claim is initially incurred and when the claim form is received (i.e. a shorter time span results in a lower IBNR).	
(2)	TRICARE claims payable includes all activity associated with TRICARE, including IBNR and payables for risk sharing with the federal government for cost overruns.	
(3)	Reported claims in process represents the estimated valuation of processed claims that are in the post claim adjudication process, which consists of administrative functions such as audit and check batching and handling.	
(4)	Other medical expenses payable includes capitation and pharmacy payables. The balance due to our pharmacy benefit administrator fluctuates due to bi-weekly payments and the month-end cutoff.	
Medical and other expenses payable primarily increased during 2006 due growth in Medicare membership and to a lesser extent medical claims inflation.
Medical and other expenses payable primarily increased during 2005 due to (1) growth in Medicare membership, (2) medical claims inflation, (3) the transition to the new South region contract, (4) an increase in the TRICARE payable resulting from an increase in claims inventory at our third party claims processing vendor as discussed under the total net receivables table on the previous page, and (5) an increase in the capitation payable to physicians under risk sharing arrangements.
Cash Flow from Investing Activities
We reinvested a portion of our operating cash flows over the last several years in investment securities, primarily short-duration fixed income securities, totaling $862.1 million in 2006, $233.3 million in 2005, and $407.3 million in 2004. Our ongoing capital expenditures primarily relate to our technology initiatives and administrative facilities necessary for activities such as claims processing, billing and collections, medical utilization review, and customer service. Total capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, were $193.2 million
 
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in 2006, $165.8 million in 2005, and $114.1 million in 2004. The increased spending in 2006 and 2005 primarily resulted from our Medicare expansion initiatives. Excluding acquisitions, we expect total capital expenditures in 2007 of approximately $200 million.
During 2006, we paid $22.3 million to acquire CHA Health, net of $43.5 million of cash acquired, and we paid $5.8 million in contingent purchase price settlements related to prior years acquisitions. During 2005, we paid $352.8 million to acquire CarePlus, net of $92.1 million of cash acquired, and we paid $50.0 million to acquire Corphealth, net of $4.0 million of cash acquired. During 2004, we paid $141.8 million to acquire Ochsner, net of $15.3 million of cash acquired.
During 2004, proceeds of $30.5 million from the sale of property and equipment relate primarily to consolidating our service centers in Jacksonville and San Antonio, including the sale of the Jacksonville office tower in 2004 for $14.8 million.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
During 2006, we issued $500 million of 6.45% senior notes due June 1, 2016. Our net proceeds, reduced for the discount and cost of the offering were $494.3 million. We used the proceeds from the offering for the repayment of the outstanding balance under our credit agreement, which at the time of the issuance was $200 million, and the repayment of our $300 million 7.25% senior notes which matured on August 1, 2006.
During 2006, our borrowings of $550 million and repayments of $300 million under our credit agreements related to the timing of our senior notes issuance and repayment and funding of additional capital into certain subsidiaries during 2006 in conjunction with growth in Medicare revenues. During 2005, we borrowed $494 million under our 5-year $600 million credit agreement. This amount included $294 million which we borrowed temporarily to finance the CarePlus acquisition and repaid in 2005.
Subsidies from CMS associated with Medicare Part D claims for which we do not assume risk were $122.3 million less than the claim payments, as described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The remainder of financing activities in 2006, 2005, and 2004 resulted primarily from the change in the securities lending payable, proceeds from stock option exercises, tax benefits of stock-based compensation, and the change in the book overdraft. The increase in securities lending in 2006 coincides with a change in banking vendors and higher average balances of investments to lend. In connection with employee stock plans, we acquired common shares totaling 467,767 in 2006 and 68,296 in 2005 for an aggregate cost of $26.2 million in 2006 and $2.4 million in 2005. In 2004, we repurchased 3.6 million common shares in open market transactions and 0.2 million common shares in connection with employee stock plans for $67.0 million at an average price of $17.83 per share. The Board of Directors’ authorization for open market transactions expired in January 2005.
Senior Notes
In May 2006, we issued $500 million of 6.45% senior notes due June 1, 2016 as discussed previously. We paid $300 million when our 7.25% senior notes matured on August 1, 2006. Our senior notes and related swap agreements are more fully discussed in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Credit Agreement
On July 14, 2006, we replaced our existing 5-year $600 million unsecured revolving credit agreement with a 5-year $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit agreement. We entered into the credit agreement for general corporate purposes. Under the credit agreement, at our option, we can borrow on either a competitive advance
 
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basis or a revolving credit basis. The revolving credit portion bears interest at either a fixed rate or floating rate based on LIBOR plus a spread. The spread, which varies depending on our credit ratings, ranges from 27 to 80 basis points. We also pay an annual facility fee regardless of utilization. This facility fee, currently 10 basis points, may fluctuate between 8 and 20 basis points, depending upon our credit ratings. In addition, a utilization fee of 10 basis points is payable for any day in which borrowings under the facility exceed 50% of the total $1 billion commitment. The competitive advance portion of any borrowings will bear interest at market rates prevailing at the time of borrowing on either a fixed rate or a floating rate basis, at our option.
The credit agreement contains customary restrictive and financial covenants as well as customary events of default, including financial covenants regarding the maintenance of a minimum level of net worth and a maximum leverage ratio. The terms of the credit agreement also include standard provisions related to conditions of borrowing, including a customary material adverse effect clause which could limit our ability to borrow additional funds. We have not experienced a material adverse effect and we know of no circumstances or events which would be reasonably likely to result in a material adverse effect. At this time, we do not believe the material adverse effect clause poses a material funding risk to us.
At December 31, 2006, we had $450 million of borrowings under the credit agreement outstanding at an interest rate of 5.73%. In addition, we have outstanding letters of credit of $3.4 million secured under the credit agreement. No amounts have ever been drawn on these letters of credit. As of December 31, 2006, we had $546.6 million of remaining borrowing capacity under the credit agreement. We have other relationships, including financial advisory and banking, with some parties to the credit agreement.
Other Long-Term Borrowings
Other long-term borrowings of $3.1 million at December 31, 2006 represent financing for the renovation of a building, bear interest at 2% per annum, are collateralized by the building, and are payable in various installments through 2014.
Shelf Registration
On March 31, 2006, we filed a universal shelf registration statement with the SEC. We are considered a “well known seasoned issuer” under the Securities Offering Reform Act that became effective in December 2005. The universal shelf registration allows us to sell our debt or equity securities, from time to time, with the amount, price and terms to be determined at the time of the sale. The net proceeds from any future sales of our securities under the universal shelf registration may be used for our operations and for other general corporate purposes, including repayment or refinancing of borrowings, working capital, capital expenditures, investments, acquisitions, or the repurchase of our outstanding securities.
Liquidity Requirements
We believe our cash balances, investment securities, operating cash flows, access to debt and equity markets and borrowing capacity, taken together, provide adequate resources to fund ongoing operating and regulatory requirements, to fund future expansion opportunities and capital expenditures in the foreseeable future, and to refinance debt as it matures.
Adverse changes in our credit rating may increase the rate of interest we pay and may impact the amount of credit available to us in the future. Our investment-grade credit rating at December 31, 2006 was Baa3 according to Moody’s Investors Services, Inc., or Moody’s, and BBB, according to Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, or S&P. A downgrade to Ba2 or lower by Moody’s and BB or lower by S&P would give the counterparties of three of our interest rate swap agreements with a $300 million notional amount, the right, but not the obligation, to cancel the interest rate swap agreement. If cancelled, we would pay or receive an amount based on the fair market value of the swap agreement. Assuming these swap agreements had been cancelled on December 31,
 
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2006, we would have received $6.1 million, net, and future net interest payments would increase assuming LIBOR does not change. Other than the swap agreements, adverse changes in our credit ratings do not create, increase, or accelerate any liabilities.
In addition, we operate as a holding company in a highly regulated industry. Our parent company is dependent upon dividends and administrative expense reimbursements from our subsidiaries, most of which are subject to regulatory restrictions. Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at the parent company increased $4.8 million to $424.4 million at December 31, 2006 compared to $419.6 million at December 31, 2005 reflecting funding of additional capital into certain subsidiaries during 2006 in conjunction with growth in Medicare revenues offset by additional borrowings in 2006. See Schedule I to this Form 10-K beginning on page 106 for our parent company only financial information.
Regulatory Requirements
Certain of our subsidiaries operate in states that regulate the payment of dividends, loans, or other cash transfers to Humana Inc., our parent company, and require minimum levels of equity as well as limit investments to approved securities. The amount of dividends that may be paid to Humana Inc. by these subsidiaries, without prior approval by state regulatory authorities, is limited based on the entity’s level of statutory income and statutory capital and surplus. In most states, prior notification is provided before paying a dividend even if approval is not required.
As of December 31, 2006, we maintained aggregate statutory capital and surplus of $2,066.0 million in our state regulated subsidiaries. Each of these subsidiaries was in compliance with applicable statutory requirements which aggregated $1,430.3 million. Although the minimum required levels of equity are largely based on premium volume, product mix, and the quality of assets held, minimum requirements can vary significantly at the state level. Given our anticipated continued premium growth in 2007, capital requirements will increase. We expect to fund these increased requirements with capital contributions from Humana Inc., our parent company, in the range of $325 million to $425 million in 2007.
Most states rely on risk-based capital requirements, or RBC, to define their required levels of equity discussed above. RBC is a model developed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners to monitor an entity’s solvency. This calculation indicates recommended minimum levels of required capital and surplus and signals regulatory measures should actual surplus fall below these recommended levels. If RBC were adopted by the remaining states and Puerto Rico at December 31, 2006, each of our subsidiaries would be in substantial compliance and we would have $516.2 million of aggregate capital and surplus above any of the levels that require corrective action under RBC, or individual state requirements.
Contractual Obligations
We are contractually obligated to make payments for years subsequent to December 31, 2006 as follows:

 	  	Payments Due by Period	
 	  	Total	  	Less than
1 Year	  	1-3 Years	  	3-5 Years	  	More than
5 Years	
 	  	(in thousands)	
Debt	  	$	1,253,065	  	$	540	  	$	1,080	  	$	450,987	  	$	800,458	
Interest(1)	  	 	633,181	  	 	76,880	  	 	153,727	  	 	141,078	  	 	261,496	
Operating leases(2)	  	 	284,879	  	 	88,196	  	 	117,191	  	 	64,124	  	 	15,368	
Purchase and other obligations(3)	  	 	49,668	  	 	27,395	  	 	18,212	  	 	4,061	  	 	—  	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	2,220,793	  	$	193,011	  	$	290,210	  	$	660,250	  	$	1,077,322	

(1)	Interest includes the estimated contractual interest payments under our debt agreements net of the effect of the associated swap agreements assuming no change in the LIBOR rate as of December 31, 2006.	
 
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(2)	We lease facilities, computer hardware, and other equipment under long-term operating leases that are noncancelable and expire on various dates through 2017. We sublease facilities or partial facilities to third party tenants for space not used in our operations which partially mitigates our operating lease commitments. An operating lease, accounted for under the provisions of SFAS No. 13,  Accounting for Leases , is a type of off-balance sheet arrangement. Assuming we acquired the asset, rather than leased such asset, we would have recognized a liability for the financing of these assets. See also Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	
(3)	Purchase and other obligations include agreements to purchase services, primarily information technology related services, or to make improvements to real estate, in each case that are enforceable and legally binding on us and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum levels of service to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the appropriate timing of the transaction. Purchase obligations exclude agreements that are cancelable without penalty.	
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As part of our ongoing business, we do not participate or knowingly seek to participate in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities (SPEs), which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As of December 31, 2006, we are not involved in any SPE transactions.
Guarantees and Indemnifications
Our operating lease of an airplane, which expires January 1, 2010, provides for a residual value payment of no more than $4.8 million at the end of the lease term. At the end of the term, we have the right to exercise a purchase option for $8.9 million or the airplane can be sold to a third party. The residual value payment will be reduced by the net sales proceeds in excess of $4.2 million from the sale of the airplane to a third party.
Through indemnity agreements approved by the state regulatory authorities, certain of our regulated subsidiaries generally are guaranteed by Humana Inc., our parent company, in the event of insolvency for (1) member coverage for which premium payment has been made prior to insolvency; (2) benefits for members then hospitalized until discharged; and (3) payment to providers for services rendered prior to insolvency. Our parent also has guaranteed the obligations of our TRICARE subsidiaries.
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements under which we may agree to indemnify a third party to such arrangement from any losses incurred relating to the services they perform on behalf of us, or for losses arising from certain events as defined within the particular contract, which may include, for example, litigation or claims relating to past performance. Such indemnification obligations may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. Historically, payments made related to these indemnifications have been immaterial.
Related Parties
No related party transactions had a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Certain related party transactions not having a material effect are discussed in our Proxy Statement for the meeting to be held April 26, 2007—see “Certain Transactions with Management and Others.”
Government Contracts
Our Medicare business, which accounted for approximately 55% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily consisted of products covered under the Medicare Advantage and stand-alone PDP contracts with the federal government. These contracts are renewed generally for a one-year term each December 31 unless CMS notifies Humana of its decision not to renew by May 1 of the contract year, or Humana notifies CMS of its decision not to renew by the first Monday in June of the contract year. All material contracts between Humana and CMS relating to our Medicare business have been renewed for 2007.
 
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Our TRICARE business, which accounted for approximately 12% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily consisted of the South Region contract. The 5-year South Region contract is subject to annual renewals on April 1 of each year at the government’s option. Effective April 1, 2006, the South Region contract was extended into the third option period, which runs from April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007. We have received a notice from the government of its intent to renew the fourth option period. The 5-year South Region contract expires March 31, 2009. As required under the contract, the target underwritten health care cost and underwriting fee amounts for the third option period were negotiated. Any variance from the target health care cost is shared with the federal government. Accordingly, events and circumstances not contemplated in the negotiated target health care cost amount could have a material adverse effect on our business. These changes may include, for example, an increase or reduction in the number of persons enrolled or eligible to enroll due to the federal government’s decision to increase or decrease U.S. military deployments. In the event government reimbursements were to decline from projected amounts, our failure to reduce the health care costs associated with these programs could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our Medicaid business, which accounted for approximately 3% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006, consisted of contracts in Puerto Rico and Florida. Our Medicaid contracts with the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration accounted for approximately 2% of our total premium and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006. We currently are operating under the terms of our contracts that expired October 31, 2006. Due to several ongoing and unresolved issues with the program, the government of Puerto Rico has decided to delay the bid process for new contracts. We currently are working with the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration regarding terms and rates which is expected to result in an extension of the existing contracts through September 30, 2007. There is no assurance that the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration will request such an extension, and we are unable to predict the ultimate impact that any government policy or fiscal decisions might have on the continuation of our Medicaid contracts in Puerto Rico.
The loss of any of the contracts above or significant changes in these programs as a result of legislative action, including reductions in premium payments to us, or increases in member benefits without corresponding increases in premium payments to us, may have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Legal Proceedings
We are party to a variety of legal actions in the ordinary course of business, including employment matters, breach of contract actions, tort claims, and shareholder suits involving alleged securities fraud. A description of material legal actions in which we are currently involved is included under “Legal Proceedings” of Item 3 in Part 1. We cannot predict the outcome of these suits with certainty, and we are incurring expenses in defense of these matters. In addition, recent court decisions and legislative activity may increase our exposure for any of these types of claims. Therefore, these legal actions could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements and accompanying notes requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We continuously evaluate our estimates and those critical accounting policies related primarily to medical cost and revenue recognition as well as accounting for impairments related to our investment securities, goodwill, and long-lived assets. These estimates are based on knowledge of current events and anticipated future events, and accordingly, actual results ultimately may differ from those estimates. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
 
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Medical Expense Recognition
Medical expenses are recognized in the period in which services are provided and include an estimate of the cost of services which have been incurred but not yet reported, or IBNR. IBNR represents a substantial portion of our medical and other expenses payable as follows:

 	  	December 31,
2006	  	Percentage
of Total	 	 	December 31,
2005	  	Percentage
of Total	 	
 	  	(dollars in thousands)	 	
IBNR	  	$	1,996,636	  	80.3	%	 	$	1,483,902	  	77.7	%	
Reported claims in process	  	 	115,424	  	4.6	%	 	 	83,635	  	4.4	%	
Other medical expenses payable	  	 	376,201	  	15.1	%	 	 	342,145	  	17.9	%	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	
Total medical and other expenses payable	  	$	2,488,261	  	100.0	%	 	$	1,909,682	  	100.0	%	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	
Estimating IBNR is complex and involves a significant amount of judgment. Changes in this estimate can materially affect, either favorably or unfavorably, our results of operations and overall financial position. Accordingly, it represents a critical accounting estimate. Most medical claims are paid within a few months of the member receiving service from a physician or other health care provider. As a result, these liabilities generally are described as having a “short-tail”. As such, we expect that substantially all of the December 31, 2006 estimate of medical and other expenses payable will be known and paid during 2007.
Our reserving practice is to consistently recognize the actuarial best point estimate within a level of confidence required by actuarial standards. Actuarial standards of practice generally require a level of confidence such that the liabilities established for IBNR have a greater probability of being adequate versus being insufficient, or such that the liabilities established for IBNR are sufficient to cover obligations under an assumption of moderately adverse conditions. Adverse conditions are situations in which the actual claims are expected to be higher than the otherwise estimated value of such claims at the time of the estimate. Therefore, in many situations, the claim amounts ultimately settled will be less than the estimate that satisfies the actuarial standards of practice.
We develop our estimate for IBNR using actuarial methodologies and assumptions, primarily based upon historical claim experience. Depending on the period for which incurred claims are estimated, we apply a different method in determining our estimate. For periods prior to the most recent three months, the key assumption used in estimating our IBNR is that the completion factor pattern remains consistent over a rolling 12-month period after adjusting for known changes in claim inventory levels and known changes in claim payment processes. Completion factors result from the calculation of the percentage of claims incurred during a given period that have historically been adjudicated as of the reporting period. For the most recent three months, the incurred claims are estimated primarily from a trend analysis based upon per member per month claims trends developed from our historical experience in the preceding months, adjusted for known changes in estimates of recent hospital and drug utilization data, provider contracting changes, changes in benefit levels, product mix, and weekday seasonality.
The completion factor method is used for the months of incurred claims prior to the most recent three months because the historical percentage of claims processed for those months is at a level sufficient to produce a consistently reliable result. Conversely, for the most recent three months of incurred claims, the volume of claims processed historically is not at a level sufficient to produce a reliable result, which therefore requires us to examine historical trend patterns as the primary method of evaluation. Changes in claim processes, including receipt cycle times, inventories, recoveries of overpayments, outsourcing, system conversions, and disruptions due to weather affect views regarding the reasonable choice of completion factors. The receipt cycle time measures the average length of time between when a medical claim was initially incurred and when the claim form was received. Increased electronic claim submissions from providers have decreased the receipt cycle time over the last few years. For example, the average number of receipt cycle time days has decreased from 16.5 days in 2005 to 15.9 days in 2006 which represents a 3.6% reduction in cycle time.
 
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Medical cost trends potentially are more volatile than other segments of the economy. The drivers of medical cost trends include increases in the utilization of hospital facilities, physician services, prescription drugs, and new medical technologies, as well as the inflationary effect on the cost per unit of each of these expense components. Other external factors such as government-mandated benefits or other regulatory changes, increases in medical services capacity, direct to consumer advertising for prescription drugs and medical services, an aging population, catastrophes, and epidemics also may impact medical cost trends. Internal factors such as system conversions, claims processing cycle times, changes in medical management practices and changes in provider contracts also may impact our ability to accurately predict estimates of historical completion factors or medical cost trends. All of these factors are considered in estimating IBNR and in estimating the per member per month claims trend for purposes of determining the reserve for the most recent three months. Additionally, we continually prepare and review follow-up studies to assess the reasonableness of the estimates generated by our process and methods over time. The results of these studies are also considered in determining the reserve for the most recent three months. Each of these factors requires significant judgment by management.
The completion and claims per member per month trend factors are the most significant factors impacting the IBNR estimate. The portion of IBNR estimated using completion factors for claims incurred prior to the most recent three months is less variable than the portion of IBNR estimated using trend factors. The following table illustrates the sensitivity of these factors assuming moderate adverse experience and the estimated potential impact on our operating results caused by reasonably likely changes in these factors based on December 31, 2006 data:

Completion Factor(a):	 	 	 	  	Claims Trend Factor(b):	 	
Factor
Change	  	Increase
(Decrease) in
Medical and
Other Expenses
Payable	 	 	 	  	Factor
Change	 	 	(Decrease)
Increase in
Medical and
Other Expenses
Payable	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	
 1.50%	  	$	(143,500	)	 	 	  	(10	%)	 	$	(347,500	)	
 1.00%	  	$	(95,700	)	 	 	  	(8	%)	 	$	(278,000	)	
 0.50%	  	$	(47,800	)	 	 	  	(6	%)	 	$	(208,500	)	
 0.25%	  	$	(23,900	)	 	 	  	(4	%)	 	$	(139,000	)	
(0.50%)	  	$	47,800	 	 	 	  	(2	%)	 	$	(69,500	)	
(1.00%)	  	$	95,700	 	 	 	  	2	%	 	$	69,500	 	

(a)	Reflects estimated potential changes in medical and other expenses payable caused by changes in completion factors for incurred months prior to the most recent three months.	
(b)	Reflects estimated potential changes in medical and other expenses payable caused by changes in annualized claims trend used for the estimation of per member per month incurred claims for the most recent three months.	
IBNR established in connection with our TRICARE contracts is typically more difficult to estimate than for our other operations, because there are more variables that impact the estimate. These additional variables include continual changes in the number of eligible beneficiaries, changes in the utilization of military treatment facilities and changes in levels of benefits versus the original contract provisions. Many of these variables are impacted by an increase or decrease in military activity involving the United States armed forces. We have considered all of these factors in establishing our IBNR estimate. Each of these factors requires significant judgment by management.
As more fully described on page 57, our TRICARE contract contains risk-sharing provisions with the Department of Defense and with subcontractors, which effectively limit profits and losses when actual claim experience varies from the targeted medical claim amount negotiated in our annual bid. As a result of these contract provisions, the impact of changes in estimates for prior year TRICARE medical claims payable on our results of operations is reduced substantially, whether positive or negative.
 
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As more fully described on pages 11 and 12, we have a significant percentage of our Medicare and Medicaid membership under risk-sharing arrangements with providers. Accordingly, the impact of changes in estimates for prior year medical claims payable on our results of operations that are attributable to our Medicare and Medicaid lines of business may also be significantly reduced, whether positive or negative.
The following table provides a historical perspective regarding the accrual and payment of our medical and other expense payable. Components of the total incurred claims for each year include amounts accrued for current year estimated medical expense as well as adjustments to prior year estimated accruals.

 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Balances at January 1	  	$	1,909,682	 	 	$	1,422,010	 	 	$	1,272,156	 	
Acquisitions	  	 	21,198	 	 	 	37,375	 	 	 	71,063	 	
Incurred related to:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current year	  	 	17,696,654	 	 	 	11,765,662	 	 	 	10,763,105	 	
Prior years	  	 	(275,450	)	 	 	(114,192	)	 	 	(93,458	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total incurred	  	 	17,421,204	 	 	 	11,651,470	 	 	 	10,669,647	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Paid related to:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current year	  	 	(15,532,079	)	 	 	(9,979,449	)	 	 	(9,504,331	)	
Prior years	  	 	(1,331,744	)	 	 	(1,221,724	)	 	 	(1,086,525	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total paid	  	 	(16,863,823	)	 	 	(11,201,173	)	 	 	(10,590,856	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balances at December 31	  	$	2,488,261	 	 	$	1,909,682	 	 	$	1,422,010	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amounts incurred related to prior years vary from previously estimated liabilities as the claims ultimately are settled. Negative amounts reported for incurred related to prior years result from claims being ultimately settled for amounts less than originally estimated (favorable development).
As summarized in the previous table, claim reserve balances at December 31, 2005 ultimately settled during 2006 for $275.5 million less than the amounts originally estimated. During 2005, claim reserve balances at December 31, 2004 ultimately settled for $114.2 million less than the amounts originally estimated. This $161.3 million change in the amounts incurred related to prior years for 2006 as compared to 2005 consisted of $106.2 million attributable to our Medicare and commercial lines of business, as well as $55.1 million attributable to our TRICARE line of business. Amounts attributable to our TRICARE line of business are discussed separately due to the additional variability and risk sharing provisions with the Department of Defense and subcontractors. As previously described, our key assumptions consist of trend factors and completion factors using an assumption of moderately adverse conditions. In our Medicare and commercial operations, both our trend factor and completion factor assumptions at December 31, 2005 ultimately developed favorable versus our original estimate primarily due to (1) the utilization of hospital and physician services during the latter half of 2005 ultimately being lower than estimated, (2) the impact of hurricanes in Florida and Louisiana in the second half of 2005 on both utilization of services and claims processing, (3) significant growth in our Medicare PFFS product, (4) reductions in receipt cycle times driven by an increase in electronic claims submissions, and (5) an increase in claim overpayment recovery levels versus our historical overpayment recovery rate. In our TRICARE line of business, both our trend factor and completion factor assumptions ultimately developed favorable versus our original estimate primarily due to the utilization of hospital and physician services during the latter half of 2005 ultimately being lower than estimated, changes in claim payment patterns resulting from fluctuations in claim inventory levels, and an increase in claim overpayment recovery levels versus our historical overpayment recovery rate.
During 2004, claim reserve balances at December 31, 2003 ultimately settled during 2004 for $93.5 million less than the amounts originally estimated. The $20.7 million change in the amounts incurred related to prior years for 2005 as compared to 2004 consisted of $16.3 million attributable to our TRICARE line of business and
 
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$4.4 million attributable to our Medicare and commercial lines of business. In each of these lines of business, our trend factor assumptions at December 31, 2004 ultimately developed favorable versus our original estimate primarily due to the utilization of hospital and physician services during the latter half of 2004 ultimately being lower than originally estimated.
As previously discussed, our reserving practice is to consistently recognize the actuarial best estimate of our ultimate liability for claims. Actuarial standards require the use of assumptions based on moderately adverse experience, which generally results in favorable reserve development, or reserves that are considered redundant. An increase in the absolute dollar amount of redundancy over the last three years has resulted from the growth in our business, coupled with the application of consistent reserving practices. When we recognize a release of the redundancy, we disclose the amount that is not in the ordinary course of business, if material. We believe we have consistently applied our methodology in determining our best estimate for medical and other expenses payable.
Revenue Recognition
We generally establish one-year contracts with commercial employer groups, subject to cancellation by the employer group on 30-day written notice. Our Medicare contracts with the federal government renew annually while our Medicaid and TRICARE contracts with state and federal governments, respectively, are generally multi-year contracts subject to annual renewal provisions.
Our commercial contracts establish rates on a per member basis for each month of coverage. Our Medicare and Medicaid contracts also establish monthly rates per member. However, our Medicare contracts also have additional provisions as outlined in the following separate section.
Premium revenues and ASO fees are estimated by multiplying the membership covered under the various contracts by the contractual rates. In addition, we adjust revenues for estimated changes in an employer’s enrollment and individuals that ultimately may fail to pay. Enrollment changes not yet reported by an employer group, an individual, or the government, also known as retroactive membership adjustments, are estimated based on available data and historical trends. We monitor the collectibility of specific accounts, the aging of receivables, as well as prevailing and anticipated economic conditions, and reflect any required adjustments in the current period’s revenue.
We bill and collect premium and ASO fee remittances from employer groups, the federal and state governments, and individual members monthly. Premium and ASO fee receivables are presented net of allowances for estimated uncollectible accounts and retroactive membership adjustments. Premiums and ASO fees received prior to the period members are entitled to receive services are recorded as unearned revenues.
Medicare Part D Provisions
On January 1, 2006, we began covering prescription drug benefits in accordance with Medicare Part D under multiple contracts with CMS. The payments we receive monthly from CMS and members, which are determined from our annual bid, represent amounts for providing prescription drug insurance coverage. We recognize premium revenues for providing this insurance coverage ratably over the term of our annual contract. Our CMS payment is subject to risk sharing through the Medicare Part D risk corridor provisions. In addition, we receive and disburse amounts for portions of prescription drug costs for which we are not at risk, as described more fully below.
The risk corridor provisions compare costs targeted in our annual bids to actual prescription drug costs, limited to actual costs that would have been incurred under the standard coverage as defined by CMS. Variances exceeding certain thresholds may result in CMS making additional payments to us or require us to refund to CMS a portion of the premiums we received. We estimate and recognize an adjustment to premium revenues
 
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related to these risk corridor provisions based upon pharmacy claims experience to date as if the annual contract were to terminate at the end of the reporting period. Accordingly, this estimate provides no consideration to future pharmacy claims experience. We record a receivable or payable at the contract level and classify the amount as current or long-term in the consolidated balance sheets based on the expected settlement.
The estimate of the settlement associated with risk corridor provisions, which is not expected to be applied against the rigors of a final settlement with CMS until mid-2007, requires us to consider factors that may not be certain. These factors include some first year implementation issues such as member eligibility differences with CMS, as well as interpretations of CMS operational guidance. Our estimate of the settlement associated with the Medicare Part D risk corridor provisions was a net liability of $738.7 million at December 31, 2006.
Reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies represent reimbursements from CMS in connection with the Medicare Part D program for which we assume no risk. Reinsurance subsidies represent reimbursements for CMS’s portion of prescription drug costs which exceed the member’s out-of-pocket threshold, or the catastrophic coverage level. Low-income cost subsidies represent reimbursements from CMS for all or a portion of the deductible, the coinsurance and co-payment amounts above the out-of-pocket threshold for low-income beneficiaries. Monthly prospective payments from CMS for reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies are based on assumptions submitted with our annual bid. A reconciliation and related settlement of CMS’s prospective subsidies against actual prescription drug costs we paid is made after the end of the year. We account for these subsidies as a deposit in our consolidated balance sheets and as a financing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows. We do not recognize premium revenues or claims expense for these subsidies. Receipt and payment activity is accumulated at the contract level and recorded in our consolidated balance sheets in other current assets or trade accounts payable and accrued expenses depending on the contract balance at the end of the reporting period. Gross financing receipts were $2,002.5 million and gross financing withdrawals were $2,124.7 million during 2006. CMS subsidy activity recorded to the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2006 was $450.0 million to other current assets and $327.7 million to trade accounts payable and accrued expenses.
In order to allow plans offering enhanced benefits the maximum flexibility in designing alternative prescription drug coverage, CMS provided a demonstration payment option in lieu of the reinsurance subsidy for plans offering enhanced coverage, or coverage beyond CMS’s defined standard benefits. The demonstration payment option is an arrangement in which CMS pays a capitation amount to a plan for assuming the government’s portion of prescription drug costs in the catastrophic layer of coverage. The capitation amount represents a fixed monthly amount per member to provide prescription drug coverage in the catastrophic layer. We chose the demonstration payment option for all of our enhanced benefit plans. This capitation amount, derived from our annual bid submissions, is recorded as premium revenue. The variance between the capitation amount and actual drug costs in the catastrophic layer is subject to risk sharing as part of the risk corridor settlement.
Settlement of the reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies as well as the risk corridor payment is based on a reconciliation made approximately 6 months after the close of each calendar year. This reconciliation process requires us to submit claims data necessary for CMS to administer the program.
Medicare Risk Adjustment Provisions
CMS has implemented a risk adjustment model which apportions premiums paid to all health plans according to health severity. The CMS risk adjustment model pays more for members with predictably higher costs, as more fully described on page 5. Under this risk adjustment methodology, diagnosis data from inpatient and ambulatory treatment settings are used to calculate the risk adjusted premium payment to us. We collect, capture, and submit the necessary and available diagnosis data to CMS within prescribed deadlines. We estimate risk adjustment revenues based upon the diagnosis data submitted to CMS and ultimately accepted by CMS. We do not have access to diagnosis data with respect to our stand-alone PDP members.
 
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CMS has transitioned to the risk adjustment model while the old demographic model was phased out. The demographic model based the monthly premiums paid to health plans on factors such as age, sex and disability status. The monthly premium amount for each member is separately determined under both the risk adjustment and demographic model. These separate payment amounts are then blended according to the transition schedule. CMS transitioned to the risk adjustment model for Medicare Advantage plans as follows: 30% in 2004, 50% in 2005, 75% in 2006 and 100% in 2007. The stand-alone PDP payment methodology is based 100% on the risk adjustment model. As a result of this process and the phasing in of the risk adjustment model, as well as budget neutrality as described on page 5, our CMS monthly premium payments per member may change materially, either favorably or unfavorably.
TRICARE Contract
In 2006, TRICARE revenues represented 12% of total premiums and administrative services fees. The single TRICARE contract for the South Region includes multiple revenue generating activities and as such was evaluated under Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 00-21,  Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables . We allocate the consideration to the various components based on the relative fair values of the components. TRICARE revenues consist generally of (1) an insurance premium for assuming underwriting risk for the cost of civilian health care services delivered to eligible beneficiaries; (2) health care services provided to beneficiaries which are in turn reimbursed by the federal government; and (3) ASO fees related to claim processing, customer service, enrollment, disease management and other services. We recognize the insurance premium as revenue ratably over the period coverage is provided. Health care services reimbursements are recognized as revenue in the period health care services are provided. Administrative service fees are recognized as revenue in the period services are performed.
The TRICARE contract contains provisions whereby the federal government bears a substantial portion of the risk associated with financing the cost of health benefits. Annually, we negotiate a target health care cost amount, or target cost, with the federal government and determine an underwriting fee. Any variance from the target cost is shared. We earn more revenue or incur additional costs based on the variance in actual health care costs versus the negotiated target cost. We receive 20% for any cost underrun, subject to a ceiling that limits the underwriting profit to 10% of the target cost. We pay 20% for any cost overrun, subject to a floor that limits the underwriting loss to negative 4% of the target cost. A final settlement occurs 12 to 18 months after the end of each contract year to which it applies. We defer the recognition of any revenues for favorable contingent underwriting fee adjustments related to cost underruns until the amount is determinable and the collectibility is reasonably assured. We estimate and recognize unfavorable contingent underwriting fee adjustments related to cost overruns currently in operations as an increase in medical expenses. We continually review these medical expense estimates of future payments to the government for cost overruns and make necessary adjustments to our reserves.
The TRICARE contract contains provisions to negotiate change orders. Change orders occur when we perform services or incur costs under the directive of the federal government that were not originally specified in our contract. Under federal regulations we may be entitled to an equitable adjustment to the contract price in these situations. Change orders may be negotiated and settled at any time throughout the year. We record revenue applicable to change orders when services are performed and these amounts are determinable and the collectibility is reasonably assured.
Investment Securities
Investment securities totaled $3,607.2 million, or 36% of total assets at December 31, 2006. Debt securities totaled $3,598.3 million, or 99% of this investment portfolio. More than 97% of our debt securities were of investment-grade quality, with an average credit rating of AA+ by S&P at December 31, 2006. Most of the debt securities that are below investment grade are rated at the higher end (BB or better) of the non-investment grade spectrum. Our investment policy limits investments in a single issuer and requires diversification among various asset types.
 
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Duration is indicative of the relationship between changes in market value and changes in interest rates, providing a general indication of the sensitivity of the fair values of our debt securities to changes in interest rates. However, actual market values may differ significantly from estimates based on duration. The average duration of our debt securities was approximately 3.3 years at December 31, 2006. Given that short term interest rates were higher than long term rates during most of 2006, cash was invested in cash equivalents instead of longer duration investment securities. Including cash equivalents, the average duration lowers to 2.2 years. Based on the duration including cash equivalents, a 1% increase in interest rates would generally decrease the fair value of our securities by approximately $117 million.
Our investment securities are categorized as available for sale and, as a result, are stated at fair value. Fair value of publicly traded debt and equity securities are based on quoted market prices. Non-traded debt securities are priced independently by a third party vendor. Fair value of venture capital debt securities that are privately held are estimated using a variety of valuation methodologies where an observable quoted market price does not exist. Such methodologies include reviewing the value ascribed to the most recent financing, comparing the security with securities of publicly traded companies in a similar line of business, and reviewing the underlying financial performance including estimating discounted cash flows. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of applicable deferred taxes, are included as a component of stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income until realized from a sale or impairment.
Gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2006, included the following:

 	 	Less than 12 months	 	 	12 months or more	 	 	Total	 	
2006	 	Fair Value	 	Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	Unrealized
Losses	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
U.S. Government obligations	 	$	389,393	 	$	(3,073	)	 	$	339,043	 	$	(7,255	)	 	$	728,436	 	$	(10,328	)	
Tax exempt municipal securities	 	 	533,409	 	 	(1,659	)	 	 	501,129	 	 	(10,943	)	 	 	1,034,538	 	 	(12,602	)	
Corporate and other securities	 	 	162,169	 	 	(846	)	 	 	167,415	 	 	(2,978	)	 	 	329,584	 	 	(3,824	)	
Mortgage-backed securities	 	 	184,394	 	 	(1,523	)	 	 	72,449	 	 	(3,136	)	 	 	256,843	 	 	(4,659	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Debt securities	 	 	1,269,365	 	 	(7,101	)	 	 	1,080,036	 	 	(24,312	)	 	 	2,349,401	 	 	(31,413	)	
Non-redeemable preferred stocks	 	 	7,959	 	 	(16	)	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	7,959	 	 	(16	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment securities	 	$	1,277,324	 	$	(7,117	)	 	$	1,080,036	 	$	(24,312	)	 	$	2,357,360	 	$	(31,429	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
We regularly evaluate our investment securities for impairment. We consider factors affecting the issuer, factors affecting the industry the issuer operates within, and general debt and equity market trends. We consider the length of time an investment’s fair value has been below cost, the severity of the decline, the near term prospects for recovery to cost and our intent and ability to hold the investment until maturity or market recovery is realized. If and when a determination is made that a decline in fair value below the cost basis is other than temporary, the related investment is written down to its estimated fair value through a charge to earnings. The risks inherent in assessing the impairment of an investment include the risk that market factors may differ from our expectations; facts and circumstances factored into our assessment may change with the passage of time; or we may decide to subsequently sell the investment. The determination of whether a decline in the value of an investment is other than temporary requires us to exercise significant diligence and judgment. The discovery of new information and the passage of time can significantly change these judgments. The status of the general economic environment and significant changes in the national securities markets influence the determination of fair value and the assessment of investment impairment.
Unrealized losses at December 31, 2006 resulted from 425 positions out of a total of 758 positions held. Approximately 30% of the carrying value of our consolidated investment securities have been in an unrealized loss position greater than one year. Of these investment securities in an unrealized loss position longer than a
 
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year, approximately 97% are within 5% of recovering fair value up to cost. No single issue was below cost by more than 15%. The unrealized losses at December 31, 2006 primarily were caused by increases in interest rates. All issuers of securities trading at an unrealized loss remain current on all contractual payments and we believe it is probable that we will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the debt securities. After taking into account these and other factors, including the severity of the decline and our ability and intent to hold these securities until recovery or maturity, we determined the unrealized losses on these investment securities were temporary and, as such, no impairment was required.
There were impairment losses of $0.2 million in 2006, and none in 2005 or 2004.
Goodwill and Long-lived Assets
At December 31, 2006, goodwill and other long-lived assets represented 19% of total assets and 64% of total stockholders’ equity.
SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, requires that we not amortize goodwill to earnings, but instead that we test goodwill at least annually for impairment at a level of reporting referred to as the reporting unit and more frequently if adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. A reporting unit is one level below our Commercial and Government segments. The Commercial segment’s two reporting units consist of medical (fully and self insured) and specialty. The Government segment’s three reporting units consist of Medicare, TRICARE and Medicaid. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit that is expected to benefit from a specific acquisition.
Our strategy, long-range business plan, and annual planning process support our goodwill impairment tests. These tests are based primarily on an evaluation of future discounted cash flows under several scenarios. Outcomes from the discounted cash flow analysis were compared to other market approach valuation methodologies for reasonableness. We used a range of discount rates that correspond to a market-based weighted-average cost of capital. Key assumptions, including changes in membership, premium yields, medical cost trends and certain government contract extensions, are consistent with those utilized in our long-range business plan and annual planning process. If these assumptions differ from actual, the estimates underlying our goodwill impairment tests could be adversely affected. Goodwill impairment tests completed in each of the last three years did not result in an impairment loss.
Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and other finite-lived intangible assets. These assets are depreciated or amortized over their estimated useful life, and are subject to impairment reviews. We periodically review long-lived assets whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. In assessing recoverability, we must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors to determine if an impairment loss may exist, and, if so, estimate fair value. We also must estimate and make assumptions regarding the useful life we assign to our long-lived assets. If these estimates or their related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record impairment losses or change the useful life, including accelerating depreciation or amortization for these assets. There were no impairment losses in 2006 or 2005. We recognized losses due to accelerated depreciation from changes in estimated useful life of $9.3 million in 2004. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
 
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ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	
The level of our pretax earnings is subject to market risk due to changes in investment income from our fixed income portfolio which is partially offset by both our debt position and the short-term duration of the fixed income investment portfolio.
We evaluated the impact on our investment income and debt expense resulting from a hypothetical change in interest rates of 100, 200 and 300 basis points over the next twelve-month period, as reflected in the following table. The evaluation was based on our investment portfolio and our debt position as of December 31, 2006 and 2005. Our investment portfolio consists of cash, cash equivalents and investment securities. The modeling technique used to calculate the pro forma net change in pretax earnings considered the cash flows related to fixed income investments and debt, which are subject to interest rate changes during a prospective twelve-month period. This evaluation measures parallel shifts in interest rates and may not account for certain unpredictable events that may effect interest income, including, among others, unexpected changes of cash flow into and out of the portfolio, shifts in the asset mix between taxable and tax-exempt securities, and spread changes specific to various investment categories. In the past ten years, changes in 3 month LIBOR rates during the year have exceeded 300 basis points once, have not changed between 200 and 300 basis points, have changed between 100 and 200 basis points three times and have changed by less than 100 basis points six times. LIBOR was 5.36% at December 31, 2006.

 	  	Increase (decrease) in
pretax earnings given an
interest rate decrease of
X basis points	 	 	Increase (decrease) in
pretax earnings given an
interest rate increase of
X basis points	 	
 	  	(300)	 	 	(200)	 	 	(100)	 	 	100	 	 	200	 	 	300	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
As of December 31, 2006	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment portfolio	  	$	(100,088	)	 	$	(66,422	)	 	$	(30,927	)	 	$	30,809	 	 	$	61,808	 	 	$	93,019	 	
Debt	  	 	30,910	 	 	 	20,607	 	 	 	10,303	 	 	 	(10,303	)	 	 	(20,607	)	 	 	(30,910	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	(69,178	)	 	$	(45,815	)	 	$	(20,624	)	 	$	20,506	 	 	$	41,201	 	 	$	62,109	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
As of December 31, 2005	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment portfolio	  	$	(54,167	)	 	$	(35,833	)	 	$	(17,331	)	 	$	17,375	 	 	$	34,661	 	 	$	52,924	 	
Debt	  	 	33,842	 	 	 	22,561	 	 	 	11,281	 	 	 	(11,281	)	 	 	(22,561	)	 	 	(33,842	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	(20,325	)	 	$	(13,272	)	 	$	(6,050	)	 	$	6,094	 	 	$	12,100	 	 	$	19,082	 	

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ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	
Humana Inc.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	
 	  	(in thousands, except
share amounts)	 	
ASSETS	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	1,740,304	 	 	$	732,016	 	
Investment securities	  	 	3,192,273	 	 	 	2,354,904	 	
Receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $45,589 in 2006 and $32,557 in 2005:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Premiums	  	 	667,657	 	 	 	723,190	 	
Administrative services fees	  	 	13,284	 	 	 	15,462	 	
Securities lending collateral	  	 	627,990	 	 	 	47,610	 	
Other	  	 	1,091,465	 	 	 	333,004	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	7,332,973	 	 	 	4,206,186	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property and equipment, net	  	 	545,004	 	 	 	484,412	 	
Other assets:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term investment securities	  	 	414,877	 	 	 	391,035	 	
Goodwill	  	 	1,310,631	 	 	 	1,264,575	 	
Other	  	 	524,011	 	 	 	523,406	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other assets	  	 	2,249,519	 	 	 	2,179,016	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	  	$	10,127,496	 	 	$	6,869,614	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Medical and other expenses payable	  	$	2,488,261	 	 	$	1,909,682	 	
Trade accounts payable and accrued expenses	  	 	1,626,658	 	 	 	560,550	 	
Book overdraft	  	 	293,605	 	 	 	280,005	 	
Securities lending payable	  	 	627,990	 	 	 	47,610	 	
Unearned revenues	  	 	155,298	 	 	 	120,489	 	
Current portion of long-term debt	  	 	—  	 	 	 	301,254	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	5,191,812	 	 	 	3,219,590	 	
Long-term debt	  	 	1,269,100	 	 	 	513,790	 	
Other long-term liabilities	  	 	612,698	 	 	 	627,360	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities	  	 	7,073,610	 	 	 	4,360,740	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commitments and contingencies	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stockholders’ equity:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Preferred stock, $1 par; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Common stock, $0.16 2/3 par; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 182,947,691 shares issued in 2006 and 179,062,807 shares issued in 2005	  	 	30,491	 	 	 	29,843	 	
Capital in excess of par value	  	 	1,357,077	 	 	 	1,235,888	 	
Retained earnings	  	 	1,909,098	 	 	 	1,421,675	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	  	 	(13,205	)	 	 	24,832	 	
Treasury stock, at cost, 16,314,151 shares in 2006 and 15,846,384 shares in 2005	  	 	(229,575	)	 	 	(203,364	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	  	 	3,053,886	 	 	 	2,508,874	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	  	$	10,127,496	 	 	$	6,869,614	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
 
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Humana Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 	  	For the year ended December 31,	
 	  	2006	  	2005	  	2004	
 	  	(in thousands, except per share results)	
Revenues:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Premiums	  	$	20,729,182	  	$	14,001,591	  	$	12,689,432	
Administrative services fees	  	 	341,211	  	 	259,437	  	 	272,796	
Investment income	  	 	291,880	  	 	142,976	  	 	132,838	
Other revenue	  	 	54,264	  	 	14,123	  	 	9,259	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total revenues	  	 	21,416,537	  	 	14,418,127	  	 	13,104,325	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Operating expenses:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Medical	  	 	17,421,204	  	 	11,651,470	  	 	10,669,647	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	3,021,509	  	 	2,195,604	  	 	1,894,336	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	148,598	  	 	128,858	  	 	117,792	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	20,591,311	  	 	13,975,932	  	 	12,681,775	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Income from operations	  	 	825,226	  	 	442,195	  	 	422,550	
Interest expense	  	 	63,141	  	 	39,315	  	 	23,172	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Income before income taxes	  	 	762,085	  	 	402,880	  	 	399,378	
Provision for income taxes	  	 	274,662	  	 	106,150	  	 	129,431	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Net income	  	$	487,423	  	$	296,730	  	$	269,947	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Basic earnings per common share	  	$	2.97	  	$	1.83	  	$	1.68	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Diluted earnings per common share	  	$	2.90	  	$	1.79	  	$	1.66	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
 
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Humana Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 	 	Common Stock	 	 	Capital In
Excess of
Par Value	 	 	Retained
Earnings	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	 	Treasury
Stock	 	 	Total
Stockholders’
Equity	 	 	
 	 	Issued
Shares	 	 	Amount	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balances, January 1, 2004	 	173,909	 	 	$	28,984	 	 	$	1,102,057	 	 	$	854,998	 	$	16,909	 	 	$	(133,976	)	 	$	1,868,972	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	269,947	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	269,947	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive loss:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net unrealized investment losses, net of $(243) tax	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	(383	)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(383	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	269,564	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common stock repurchases	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(67,024	)	 	 	(67,024	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock-based compensation	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	20,492	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	20,492	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Restricted stock grants	 	37	 	 	 	6	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	6	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock option exercises	 	2,099	 	 	 	350	 	 	 	29,613	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	29,963	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock option and restricted stock tax benefit	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,275	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,275	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balances, December 31, 2004	 	176,045	 	 	 	29,340	 	 	 	1,154,437	 	 	 	1,124,945	 	 	16,526	 	 	 	(201,000	)	 	 	2,124,248	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	296,730	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	296,730	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net unrealized investment gains, net of $4,441 tax	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	8,306	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	8,306	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	305,036	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common stock repurchases	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(2,364	)	 	 	(2,364	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock-based compensation	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	30,153	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	30,153	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Restricted stock grants	 	525	 	 	 	88	 	 	 	(83	)	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	5	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Restricted stock forfeitures	 	(16	)	 	 	(3	)	 	 	3	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock option exercises	 	2,509	 	 	 	418	 	 	 	35,960	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	36,378	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock option and restricted stock tax benefit	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	15,418	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	15,418	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balances, December 31, 2005	 	179,063	 	 	 	29,843	 	 	 	1,235,888	 	 	 	1,421,675	 	 	24,832	 	 	 	(203,364	)	 	 	2,508,874	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	487,423	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	487,423	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive loss:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net unrealized investment losses, net of $(20,853) tax	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	(34,608	)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(34,608	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	452,815	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Adjustment to initially apply SFAS 158, net of $(2,064) tax	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	(3,429	)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3,429	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common stock repurchases	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(26,211	)	 	 	(26,211	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock-based compensation	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	32,558	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	32,558	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Restricted stock grants	 	728	 	 	 	121	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	121	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Restricted stock forfeitures	 	(68	)	 	 	(11	)	 	 	8	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock option exercises	 	3,225	 	 	 	538	 	 	 	49,982	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	50,520	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock option and restricted stock tax benefit	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	38,641	 	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	38,641	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balances, December 31, 2006	 	182,948	 	 	$	30,491	 	 	$	1,357,077	 	 	$	1,909,098	 	$	(13,205	)	 	$	(229,575	)	 	$	3,053,886	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
 
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Humana Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 	  	For the year ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Cash flows from operating activities	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	$	487,423	 	 	$	296,730	 	 	$	269,947	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	148,598	 	 	 	128,858	 	 	 	117,792	 	
Stock-based compensation	  	 	32,558	 	 	 	30,153	 	 	 	20,492	 	
Loss (gain) on sale of property and equipment, net	  	 	1,153	 	 	 	152	 	 	 	(935	)	
Gain on sale of investment securities, net	  	 	(67,496	)	 	 	(18,323	)	 	 	(28,206	)	
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	  	 	70,062	 	 	 	(39,007	)	 	 	52,507	 	
Provision for doubtful accounts	  	 	20,901	 	 	 	4,566	 	 	 	6,433	 	
Changes in operating assets and liabilities excluding the effects of acquisitions:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Receivables	  	 	37,653	 	 	 	(161,314	)	 	 	(51,058	)	
Other assets	  	 	(365,454	)	 	 	(63,962	)	 	 	3,991	 	
Medical and other expenses payable	  	 	557,381	 	 	 	450,297	 	 	 	78,791	 	
Other liabilities	  	 	734,718	 	 	 	25,617	 	 	 	56,678	 	
Unearned revenues	  	 	29,870	 	 	 	(45,610	)	 	 	(190,759	)	
Other	  	 	(655	)	 	 	1,925	 	 	 	8,388	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	  	 	1,686,712	 	 	 	610,082	 	 	 	344,061	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from investing activities	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	  	 	(28,062	)	 	 	(402,844	)	 	 	(141,810	)	
Purchases of property and equipment	  	 	(193,151	)	 	 	(165,846	)	 	 	(114,096	)	
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	  	 	9,623	 	 	 	4,497	 	 	 	30,491	 	
Purchases of investment securities	  	 	(4,269,221	)	 	 	(3,717,916	)	 	 	(4,106,210	)	
Maturities of investment securities	  	 	1,664,332	 	 	 	1,761,588	 	 	 	1,015,144	 	
Proceeds from sales of investment securities	  	 	1,742,793	 	 	 	1,723,015	 	 	 	2,683,749	 	
Change in securities lending collateral	  	 	(580,380	)	 	 	30,230	 	 	 	8,651	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	  	 	(1,654,066	)	 	 	(767,276	)	 	 	(624,081	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from financing activities	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Receipts from CMS contract deposits	  	 	2,002,451	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Withdrawals from CMS contract deposits	  	 	(2,124,717	)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Borrowings under credit agreement	  	 	550,000	 	 	 	494,000	 	 	 	—  	 	
Repayments under credit agreement	  	 	(300,000	)	 	 	(294,000	)	 	 	—  	 	
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes	  	 	498,545	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Repayment of senior notes	  	 	(300,000	)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Debt issue costs	  	 	(5,980	)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(1,954	)	
Change in book overdraft	  	 	13,600	 	 	 	87,945	 	 	 	(26,994	)	
Change in securities lending payable	  	 	580,380	 	 	 	(30,230	)	 	 	(8,651	)	
Common stock repurchases	  	 	(26,211	)	 	 	(2,364	)	 	 	(67,024	)	
Tax benefit from stock-based compensation	  	 	38,839	 	 	 	15,545	 	 	 	3,748	 	
Proceeds from stock option exercises and other	  	 	48,735	 	 	 	38,235	 	 	 	29,570	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	  	 	975,642	 	 	 	309,131	 	 	 	(71,305	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	  	 	1,008,288	 	 	 	151,937	 	 	 	(351,325	)	
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	  	 	732,016	 	 	 	580,079	 	 	 	931,404	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	  	$	1,740,304	 	 	$	732,016	 	 	$	580,079	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest payments	  	$	66,579	 	 	$	45,258	 	 	$	30,779	 	
Income tax payments, net	  	$	160,233	 	 	$	179,300	 	 	$	51,086	 	
Details of businesses acquired in purchase transactions:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fair value of assets acquired, net of cash acquired	  	$	63,961	 	 	$	508,443	 	 	$	243,422	 	
Less: Fair value of liabilities assumed	  	 	(35,899	)	 	 	(105,599	)	 	 	(101,612	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash paid for acquired businesses, net of cash acquired	  	$	28,062	 	 	$	402,844	 	 	$	141,810	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
 
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Humana Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. REPORTING ENTITY
Nature of Operations
Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, Humana Inc. is one of the nation’s largest publicly traded health benefits companies, based on our 2006 revenues of $21.4 billion. References throughout this document to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company,” and “Humana,” mean Humana Inc. and its subsidiaries. We offer coordinated health insurance coverage and related services through a variety of traditional and consumer-choice plans for government-sponsored programs, employer groups, and individuals. We derived approximately 67% of our premiums and administrative services fees from contracts with the federal government in 2006. Under our federal government contracts with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, we provide health and pharmacy insurance coverage for Medicare members in Florida, accounting for approximately 17% of our total premiums and administrative services fees in 2006. CMS is the federal government’s agency responsible for administering the Medicare program. Under a federal government contract with the Department of Defense, we provide health insurance coverage to TRICARE members, accounting for approximately 12% of our total premiums and administrative services fees in 2006.
We manage our business with two segments: Government and Commercial. The Government segment consists of members enrolled in government-sponsored programs, and includes three lines of business: Medicare, TRICARE, and Medicaid. The Commercial segment consists of members enrolled in products marketed to employer groups and individuals, and includes two lines of business: medical (fully and self insured) and specialty. We identified our segments in accordance with the aggregation provisions of SFAS 131, which is consistent with information used by our Chief Executive Officer in managing our business. The segment information aggregates products with similar economic characteristics. These characteristics include the nature of customer groups and pricing, benefits and underwriting requirements.
The accounting policies of each segment are the same and are described in Note 2. The results of each segment are measured by income before income taxes. We allocate all selling, general and administrative expenses, investment and other income, interest expense, and goodwill, but no other assets or liabilities, to our segments. Members served by our two segments often utilize the same medical provider networks, enabling us to obtain more favorable contract terms with providers. Our segments also share overhead costs and assets. As a result, the profitability of each segment is interdependent.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Humana Inc. and subsidiaries that the Company controls. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
We adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, or SFAS 123R, on January 1, 2006. We have adjusted prior period amounts to reflect the effect of expensing stock awards under the modified retrospective application method of SFAS 123R as discussed in Note 11.
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The areas involving the most significant use of estimates are the estimation of medical expenses payable, the impact of risk sharing provisions related to our
 
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Humana Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
Medicare and TRICARE contracts, the valuation and related impairment recognition of investment securities, and the valuation and related impairment recognition of long-lived assets, including goodwill. These estimates are based on knowledge of current events and anticipated future events, and accordingly, actual results may ultimately differ materially from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash, time deposits, money market funds, commercial paper, other money market instruments, and certain U.S. Government securities with an original maturity of three months or less. Carrying value approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of the investments.
Investment Securities
Investment securities, which consist primarily of debt securities, have been categorized as available for sale and, as a result, are stated at fair value. Fair value of publicly traded debt and equity securities are based on quoted market prices. Non-traded debt securities are priced independently by a third party. Fair value of venture capital debt securities that are privately held are estimated using a variety of valuation methodologies where an observable quoted market price does not exist. Such methodologies include reviewing the value ascribed to the most recent financing, comparing the security with securities of publicly traded companies in a similar line of business, and reviewing the underlying financial performance including estimating discounted cash flows. Investment securities available for current operations are classified as current assets. Investment securities available for our professional liability and long-term insurance product funding requirements, as well as restricted statutory deposits and venture capital investments, are classified as long-term assets. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of applicable deferred taxes, are included as a component of stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income until realized from a sale or impairment.
For the purpose of determining gross realized gains and losses, which are included as a component of investment income in the consolidated statements of income, the cost of investment securities sold is based upon specific identification. We regularly evaluate our investment securities for impairment. We consider factors affecting the issuer, factors affecting the industry the issuer operates within, and general debt and equity market trends. We consider the length of time an investment’s fair value has been below carrying value, the severity of the decline, the near term prospects for recovery to cost, and our intent and ability to hold the investment until maturity or market recovery is realized. If and when a determination is made that a decline in fair value below the cost basis is other than temporary, the related investment is written down to its estimated fair value through a charge to earnings.
We participate in a securities lending program to maximize investment income. We loan certain investment securities for short periods of time in exchange for collateral initially equal to at least 102% of the fair value of the investment securities on loan. The fair value of the loaned investment securities is monitored on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained or refunded as the fair value of the loaned investment securities fluctuates. The collateral, which may be in the form of cash or U.S. Government securities, is deposited by the borrower with an independent lending agent. Any cash collateral is invested by the lending agent according to our investment guidelines, primarily in cash equivalents or other liquid investments. Cash collateral is recorded on our consolidated balance sheets, along with a liability to reflect our obligation to return the collateral. Collateral received in the form of securities is not recorded in our consolidated balance sheets because we do not have the right to sell, pledge or otherwise reinvest securities collateral. Loaned securities continue to be carried as investment securities on the consolidated balance sheets. Revenue, net of related expense, is recorded as investment income.
 
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Humana Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
Receivables and Revenue Recognition
We generally establish one-year commercial membership contracts with employer groups, subject to cancellation by the employer group on 30-day written notice. Our TRICARE contract with the federal government and our contracts with various state Medicaid programs generally are multi-year contracts subject to annual renewal provisions. Our Medicare contracts with CMS renew annually.
We bill and collect premium and administrative fee remittances from employer groups and members in our Medicare and individual products monthly. We receive monthly premiums and administrative fees from the federal government and various states according to government specified reimbursement rates and various contractual terms. Changes in revenues from CMS for our Medicare products resulting from the periodic changes in risk adjustment scores for our membership are recognized when the amounts become determinable and the collectibility is reasonably assured.
Premium revenues are recognized as income in the period members are entitled to receive services, and are net of estimated uncollectible amounts and retroactive membership adjustments. Retroactive membership adjustments result from enrollment changes not yet processed, or not yet reported by an employer group or the government. We routinely monitor the collectibility of specific accounts, the aging of receivables, historical retroactivity trends, as well as prevailing and anticipated economic conditions, and reflect any required adjustments in current operations.
Medicare Part D
On January 1, 2006, we began covering prescription drug benefits in accordance with Medicare Part D under multiple contracts with CMS. The payments we receive monthly from CMS and members, which are determined from our annual bid, represent amounts for providing prescription drug insurance coverage. We recognize premium revenues for providing this insurance coverage ratably over the term of our annual contract. Our CMS payment is subject to risk sharing through the Medicare Part D risk corridor provisions. In addition, receipts for reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies represent reimbursements of prescription drug costs for which we are not at risk.
The risk corridor provisions compare costs targeted in our bids to actual prescription drug costs, limited to actual costs that would have been incurred under the standard coverage as defined by CMS. Variances exceeding certain thresholds may result in CMS making additional payments to us or require us to refund to CMS a portion of the premiums we received. We estimate and recognize an adjustment to premium revenues related to these risk corridor provisions based upon pharmacy claims experience to date as if the annual contract were to terminate at the end of the reporting period. Accordingly, this estimate provides no consideration to future pharmacy claims experience. We record a receivable or payable at the contract level and classify the amount as current or long-term in the consolidated balance sheets based on the expected settlement.
Reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies represent reimbursements from CMS in connection with the Medicare Part D program for which we assume no risk. Reinsurance subsidies represent reimbursements for CMS’s portion of prescription drug costs which exceed the member’s out-of-pocket threshold, or the catastrophic coverage level. Low-income cost subsidies represent reimbursements from CMS for all or a portion of the deductible, the coinsurance and co-payment amounts above the out-of-pocket threshold for low-income beneficiaries. Monthly prospective payments from CMS for reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies are based on assumptions submitted with our annual bid. A reconciliation and related settlement of CMS’s prospective subsidies against actual prescription drug costs we paid is made after the end of the year. We account for these subsidies as a deposit in our consolidated balance sheets and as a financing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows. We do not recognize premium revenues or claims expense for these subsidies. Receipt and payment activity is accumulated
 
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Humana Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
at the contract level and recorded in our consolidated balance sheets in other current assets or trade accounts payable and accrued expenses depending on the contract balance at the end of the reporting period.
For plans where we provide enhanced benefits and selected the alternative demonstration payment option in lieu of the reinsurance subsidy, we receive a monthly per member capitation amount from CMS determined from our annual bid submissions. The capitation amount we receive from CMS for assuming the government’s portion of prescription drug costs in the catastrophic layer of coverage is recorded as premium revenue. The variance between the capitation amount and actual drug costs in the catastrophic layer is subject to risk sharing as part of the risk corridor settlement.
See Note 5 for detail regarding amounts recorded to the consolidated balance sheets related to the risk corridor settlement and subsidies from CMS.
TRICARE
We account for the TRICARE South Region contract under EITF Issue No. 00-21, Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables,  and as such allocate the consideration to the various components of the contract based on the relative fair value of the components. TRICARE revenues consist generally of (1) an insurance premium for assuming underwriting risk for the cost of civilian health care services delivered to eligible beneficiaries; (2) health care services provided to beneficiaries which are in turn reimbursed by the federal government; and (3) administrative service fees related to claim processing, customer service, enrollment, disease management and other services. We recognize the insurance premium as revenue ratably over the period coverage is provided. Health care services reimbursements are recognized as revenue in the period health services are provided. Administrative services fees are recognized as revenue in the period services are performed. Our TRICARE South Region contract contains provisions to share the risk associated with financing the cost of health benefits with the federal government. We earn more revenue or incur additional costs based on the variance of actual health care costs versus a negotiated target cost. We defer the recognition of any contingent revenues for favorable variances until the amount is determinable and the collectibility is reasonably assured. We estimate and recognize contingent medical expense for unfavorable variances currently in our results of operations. We continually review the contingent medical expense estimates of future payments to the government for cost overruns and make necessary adjustments to our reserves.
Revenues also may include change orders and bid price adjustments attributable to our TRICARE contracts. Change orders represent equitable adjustments for services not originally specified in the contracts. Bid price adjustments, or BPAs, represent adjustments defined in our former contracts subject to negotiations with the federal government. Revenues for these adjustments are recognized when a settlement amount becomes determinable and the collectibility is reasonably assured.
ASO Fees
ASO fees are recognized as income in the period services are performed. ASO fees cover the processing of claims, offering access to our provider networks and clinical programs, and responding to customer service inquiries from members of self-funded groups. Under ASO contracts, self-funded employers retain the risk of financing substantially all of the cost of health benefits. However, most ASO customers purchase stop loss insurance coverage from us to cover catastrophic claims or to limit aggregate annual costs. Accordingly, we have recorded premiums and medical expenses related to these stop loss arrangements.
Premium and ASO fee receivables are shown net of allowances for estimated uncollectible accounts and retroactive membership adjustments. Premiums and ASO fees received prior to the service period are recorded as unearned revenues.
 
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Other Revenue
Other revenues primarily relate to an in-house mail order pharmacy operation. These revenues are recognized in connection with the shipment of the prescriptions.
Policy Acquisition Costs
Policy acquisition costs are those costs that vary with and primarily are related to the acquisition of new and renewal business. Such costs include broker commissions, costs of policy issuance and underwriting, and other costs we incur to acquire new business or renew existing business. We expense policy acquisition costs related to our employer-group prepaid health services policies as incurred in accordance with the  Health Care Organization Audit and Accounting Guide . These short-duration employer-group prepaid health services policies typically have a one-year term and may be cancelled upon 30 days notice by the employer group.
Our health and life policies sold to individuals, when aggregated as a block of policies, are expected to remain in force for an extended period beyond one year because, by law, these contracts are guaranteed renewable. Accordingly, we account for these policies as long-duration insurance products under the provisions of SFAS No. 60,  Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises,  or SFAS 60 .  As a result, we defer policy acquisition costs and amortize them over the estimated life of the policies in proportion to premiums earned. Deferred acquisition costs are regularly reviewed to determine if they are recoverable from future income.
Long-Lived Assets
Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Gains and losses on sales or disposals of property and equipment are included in administrative expense. Certain costs related to the development or purchase of internal-use software are capitalized in accordance with AICPA Statement of Position 98-1,  Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use . Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 10 years for equipment, 3 to 7 years for computer software, and 20 to 40 years for buildings. Improvements to leased facilities are depreciated over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the anticipated life of the improvement.
We periodically review long-lived assets, including property and equipment and other intangible assets, for impairment whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Losses are recognized for a long-lived asset to be held and used in our operations when the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset are less than its carrying value. We recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset. A long-lived asset held for sale is reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Depreciation expense is not recognized on assets held for sale. Losses are recognized for a long-lived asset to be abandoned when the asset ceases to be used. In addition, we periodically review the estimated lives of all long-lived assets for reasonableness.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the unamortized excess of cost over the fair value of the net tangible and other intangible assets acquired. SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets , or SFAS 142, requires that we not amortize goodwill to earnings, but instead requires that we test at least annually for impairment at a level of reporting referred to as the reporting unit and more frequently if adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. A reporting unit is one level below our Commercial and Government segments. The Commercial segment’s two reporting units consist of medical (fully and self insured) and
 
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specialty. The Government segment’s three reporting units consist of Medicare, TRICARE and Medicaid. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit that is expected to benefit from a specific acquisition.
SFAS 142 requires a two-step process to review goodwill for impairment. The first step is a screen for potential impairment, and the second step measures the amount of impairment, if any. Impairment tests are performed, at a minimum, in the fourth quarter of each year supported by our long-range business plan and annual planning process. Impairment tests completed for 2006, 2005 and 2004 did not result in an impairment loss.
Other intangible assets primarily relate to acquired subscriber and provider contracts and are included with other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Other intangible assets are amortized over the useful life, based upon the pattern of future cash flows attributable to the asset. This sometimes results in an accelerated method of amortization for subscriber contracts because the asset tends to dissipate at a more rapid rate in earlier periods. Other than subscriber contracts, other intangible assets generally are amortized using the straight-line method. We review other finite-lived intangible assets for impairment under our long-lived asset policy.
Medical and Other Expenses Payable and Medical Cost Recognition
Medical costs include claim payments, capitation payments, pharmacy costs net of rebates, allocations of certain centralized expenses and various other costs incurred to provide health insurance coverage to members, as well as estimates of future payments to hospitals and others for medical care provided prior to the balance sheet date. Capitation payments represent monthly contractual fees disbursed to primary care physicians and other providers who are responsible for providing medical care to members. Pharmacy costs represent payments for members’ prescription drug benefits, net of rebates from drug manufacturers. Receivables for such pharmacy rebates are included in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
We estimate the costs of our medical claims and other medical expense payments using actuarial methods and assumptions based upon claim payment patterns, medical cost inflation, historical developments such as claim inventory levels and claim receipt patterns, and other relevant factors, and record medical claims reserves for future payments. We continually review estimates of future payments relating to medical claims costs for services incurred in the current and prior periods and make necessary adjustments to our reserves.
We reassess the profitability of our contracts for providing health insurance coverage to our members when current operating results or forecasts indicate probable future losses. We establish a premium deficiency liability in current operations to the extent that the sum of expected future medical costs, claim adjustment expenses, and maintenance costs exceeds related future premiums under contract without consideration of investment income. For purposes of premium deficiencies, contracts are grouped in a manner consistent with our method of acquiring, servicing, and measuring the profitability of such contracts. Losses recognized as a premium deficiency result in a beneficial effect in subsequent periods as operating losses under these contracts are charged to the liability previously established. There were no premium deficiency liabilities recorded at December 31, 2006 and 2005. Because the majority of our member contracts renew annually, we do not anticipate recording a premium deficiency liability, except when unanticipated adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate otherwise.
For our health and life policies sold to individuals and accounted for as long-duration insurance products under the provisions of SFAS 60, medical and other expenses payable include liabilities for future policy benefits for which some of the premium received in the earlier years is intended to pay anticipated benefits to be incurred in future years.
 
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We believe our medical and other expenses payable are adequate to cover future claims payments required. However, such estimates are based on knowledge of current events and anticipated future events. Therefore, the actual liability could differ materially from the amounts provided.
Book Overdraft
Under our cash management system, checks issued but not yet presented to banks frequently result in overdraft balances for accounting purposes and are classified as a current liability in the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in book overdrafts from period to period are reported in the consolidated statement of cash flows as a financing activity.
Income Taxes
We recognize an asset or liability for the deferred tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. These temporary differences will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets or liabilities are recovered or settled. We also recognize the future tax benefits such as net operating and capital loss carryforwards as deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is provided against these deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Future years’ tax expense may be increased or decreased by adjustments to the valuation allowance or to the estimated accrual for income taxes.
We record reserves for contingent tax benefits when it is not probable that the tax return position taken with respect to a particular transaction will be sustained. The contingency is not considered resolved until (1) the tax audit statute of limitations has expired, (2) a settlement is reached with the appropriate level of taxing authorities, or (3) the law changes such that there is objective evidence that it is probable that the uncertain tax position will be sustained.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We use interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to interest rate risk. The differential between fixed and variable rates to be paid or received is accrued and recognized over the life of the agreements as adjustments to interest expense in the consolidated statements of income. Our interest rate swap agreements convert the fixed interest rates on our senior notes to a variable rate and are accounted for as fair value hedges. Our interest rate swap agreements are more fully described in Note 10.
Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize stock-based compensation expense, as determined on the date of grant at fair value, over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (usually the vesting period). We estimate expected forfeitures and recognize compensation expense only for those awards which are expected to vest. We estimate the grant-date fair value of stock awards using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. In addition, we report certain tax effects of stock-based compensation as a financing activity rather than an operating activity in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Additional detail regarding our stock-based compensation plans is included in Note 11.
Earnings Per Common Share
We compute basic earnings per common share on the basis of the weighted average number of unrestricted common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is computed on the basis of the weighted
 
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average number of unrestricted common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of outstanding employee stock options and restricted shares using the treasury stock method.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an Interpretation of FASB Statement 109, or FIN 48. FIN 48 prescribes a comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in its financial statements uncertain tax positions that the company has taken or expects to take on a tax return. FIN 48 also revises disclosure requirements and introduces a prescriptive, annual, tabular roll-forward of the unrecognized tax benefits. FIN 48, which became effective for us beginning January 1, 2007, requires the change in net assets that results from the application of the new accounting model to be reflected as an adjustment to retained earnings. The adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans , or SFAS 158. We adopted SFAS 158 prospectively in the fourth quarter of 2006 for the year ending December 31, 2006. SFAS 158 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan (other than a multiemployer plan) as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position, and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. SFAS 158 also requires an employer to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of its year-end statement of financial position and revises certain disclosure requirements. The benefit obligation is defined as the projected benefit obligation for pension plans and as the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for any other postretirement benefit plan, such as a retiree health care plan. The adoption of SFAS 158 did not have a material impact on our financial position.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS 157. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 does not require new fair value measurements. We are required to adopt SFAS 157 in the first quarter of 2008. We currently are evaluating the provisions of SFAS 157, however, we do not expect the adoption of SFAS 157 will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
3. ACQUISITIONS
On May 1, 2006, our Commercial segment acquired CHA Service Company, or CHA Health, a health plan serving employer groups in Kentucky, for cash consideration of $67.5 million, including a $1.7 million contingent purchase price settlement paid in January 2007. This acquisition strengthens our position in the Kentucky market. The fair value of net tangible assets acquired of $20.0 million primarily consisted of cash and cash equivalents. The purchase price exceeded the estimated fair value of the net tangible assets acquired by approximately $47.5 million. We allocated this excess purchase price to other intangible assets of $12.2 million and associated deferred tax liabilities of $4.6 million, and non-deductible goodwill of $39.9 million. The other intangible assets, which primarily consist of customer contracts, have a weighted average useful life of 6.8 years. We used an independent third party valuation specialist firm to assist us in evaluating the fair value of assets acquired.
On December 20, 2005, our Commercial segment acquired Corphealth, Inc., or Corphealth, a behavioral health care management company, for cash consideration of $54.0 million.
On February 16, 2005, our Government segment acquired CarePlus Health Plans of Florida, or CarePlus, as well as its affiliated 10 medical centers and pharmacy company, for cash consideration of $444.9 million.
 
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On April 1, 2004, we acquired Ochsner Health Plan, or Ochsner, from the Ochsner Clinic Foundation for $157.1 million in cash.
During 2006, we paid $5.8 million in contingent purchase price settlements related to the Corphealth, CarePlus, and Ochsner acquisitions.
The results of operations and financial condition of CHA Health, Corphealth, CarePlus, and Ochsner have been included in our consolidated statements of income and consolidated balance sheets from the respective acquisition dates. The pro forma financial information assuming the acquisition of CHA Health had occurred as of the beginning of each respective period was not material to our results of operations. The pro forma financial information presented below assumes that the acquisitions of Corphealth, CarePlus and Ochsner had occurred as of the beginning of each respective period. The pro forma adjustments include the pro forma effect of amortization of other intangible assets arising from the purchase price allocation and interest expense related to the assumed financing of the cash purchase price and the associated income tax effects of the pro forma adjustments. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred had the Corphealth, CarePlus and Ochsner acquisitions been consummated at the beginning of the respective periods.

 	  	For the year ended December 31,	
 	  	          2005(1)          	  	          2004(2)          	
 	  	(in thousands, except per share results)	
Revenues	  	$	14,500,064	  	$	13,786,237	
Net income	  	$	301,198	  	$	293,362	
Earnings per common share:	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Basic	  	$	1.86	  	$	1.83	
Diluted	  	$	1.82	  	$	1.80	

(1)	This period includes the pro forma impact of Corphealth for approximately 11.5 months and CarePlus for approximately 1.5 months.	
(2)	This period includes the pro forma impact of Corphealth and CarePlus for 12 months and Ochsner for 3 months.	
 
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4. INVESTMENT SECURITIES
Investment securities classified as current assets were as follows at December 31, 2006 and 2005:

 	 	2006	 	2005	
 	 	Amortized
Cost	 	Gross
Unrealized
Gains	 	Gross
Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair
Value	 	Amortized
Cost	 	Gross
Unrealized
Gains	 	Gross
Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair
Value	
 	 	(in thousands)	
U.S. Government obligations	 	$	843,798	 	$	2,029	 	$	(8,539	)	 	$	837,288	 	$	791,322	 	$	84	 	$	(9,729	)	 	$	781,677	
Tax exempt municipal securities	 	 	1,331,894	 	 	3,200	 	 	(11,462	)	 	 	1,323,632	 	 	971,330	 	 	1,112	 	 	(11,637	)	 	 	960,805	
Corporate and other securities	 	 	459,888	 	 	1,258	 	 	(3,559	)	 	 	457,587	 	 	422,127	 	 	566	 	 	(9,182	)	 	 	413,511	
Mortgage-backed securities	 	 	566,748	 	 	4,137	 	 	(4,355	)	 	 	566,530	 	 	105,859	 	 	142	 	 	(2,761	)	 	 	103,240	
Redeemable preferred stocks	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	19,668	 	 	52,285	 	 	(289	)	 	 	71,664	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Debt securities	 	 	3,202,328	 	 	10,624	 	 	(27,915	)	 	 	3,185,037	 	 	2,310,306	 	 	54,189	 	 	(33,598	)	 	 	2,330,897	
Non-redeemable preferred stocks	 	 	7,251	 	 	—  	 	 	(15	)	 	 	7,236	 	 	24,237	 	 	13	 	 	(243	)	 	 	24,007	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment securities	 	$	3,209,579	 	$	10,624	 	$	(27,930	)	 	$	3,192,273	 	$	2,334,543	 	$	54,202	 	$	(33,841	)	 	$	2,354,904	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment securities classified as long-term assets were as follows at December 31, 2006 and 2005:

 	 	2006	 	2005	
 	 	Amortized
Cost	 	Gross
Unrealized
Gains	 	Gross
Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair
Value	 	Amortized
Cost	 	Gross
Unrealized
Gains	 	Gross
Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair
Value	
 	 	(in thousands)	
U.S. Government obligations	 	$	156,770	 	$	63	 	$	(1,789	)	 	$	155,044	 	$	174,397	 	$	36	 	$	(2,542	)	 	$	171,891	
Tax exempt municipal securities	 	 	106,453	 	 	90	 	 	(1,140	)	 	 	105,403	 	 	96,875	 	 	119	 	 	(1,123	)	 	 	95,871	
Corporate and other securities	 	 	108,004	 	 	120	 	 	(265	)	 	 	107,859	 	 	73,562	 	 	88	 	 	(617	)	 	 	73,033	
Mortgage-backed securities	 	 	27,684	 	 	116	 	 	(304	)	 	 	27,496	 	 	11,104	 	 	—  	 	 	(206	)	 	 	10,898	
Redeemable preferred stocks	 	 	12,741	 	 	4,750	 	 	—  	 	 	 	17,491	 	 	14,552	 	 	23,728	 	 	(49	)	 	 	38,231	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Debt securities	 	 	411,652	 	 	5,139	 	 	(3,498	)	 	 	413,293	 	 	370,490	 	 	23,971	 	 	(4,537	)	 	 	389,924	
Non-redeemable preferred stocks	 	 	724	 	 	—  	 	 	(1	)	 	 	723	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	
Common stocks	 	 	861	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	861	 	 	1,111	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,111	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Equity securities	 	 	1,585	 	 	—  	 	 	(1	)	 	 	1,584	 	 	1,111	 	 	—  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,111	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term investment securities	 	$	413,237	 	$	5,139	 	$	(3,499	)	 	$	414,877	 	$	371,601	 	$	23,971	 	$	(4,537	)	 	$	391,035	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term investment securities with a fair value of $99.1 million at December 31, 2006 and $93.5 million at December 31, 2005 were on deposit at financial institutions in certain states pursuant to the respective states’ insurance regulations.
 
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Gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position were as follows at December 31, 2006 and 2005:

 	  	Less than 12 months	 	 	12 months or more	 	 	Total	 	
2006	  	Fair
Value	  	Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair
Value	  	Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair
Value	  	Unrealized
Losses	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
U.S. Government obligations	  	$	389,393	  	$	(3,073	)	 	$	339,043	  	$	(7,255	)	 	$	728,436	  	$	(10,328	)	
Tax exempt municipal securities	  	 	533,409	  	 	(1,659	)	 	 	501,129	  	 	(10,943	)	 	 	1,034,538	  	 	(12,602	)	
Corporate and other securities	  	 	162,169	  	 	(846	)	 	 	167,415	  	 	(2,978	)	 	 	329,584	  	 	(3,824	)	
Mortgage-backed securities	  	 	184,394	  	 	(1,523	)	 	 	72,449	  	 	(3,136	)	 	 	256,843	  	 	(4,659	)	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Debt securities	  	 	1,269,365	  	 	(7,101	)	 	 	1,080,036	  	 	(24,312	)	 	 	2,349,401	  	 	(31,413	)	
Non-redeemable preferred stocks	  	 	7,959	  	 	(16	)	 	 	—  	  	 	—  	 	 	 	7,959	  	 	(16	)	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total investment securities	  	$	1,277,324	  	$	(7,117	)	 	$	1,080,036	  	$	(24,312	)	 	$	2,357,360	  	$	(31,429	)	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	Less than 12 months	 	 	12 months or more	 	 	Total	 	
2005	  	Fair
Value	  	Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair
Value	  	Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair
Value	  	Unrealized
Losses	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
U.S. Government obligations	  	$	611,683	  	$	(3,790	)	 	$	272,176	  	$	(8,481	)	 	$	883,859	  	$	(12,271	)	
Tax exempt municipal securities	  	 	470,477	  	 	(4,846	)	 	 	258,825	  	 	(7,914	)	 	 	729,302	  	 	(12,760	)	
Corporate and other securities	  	 	248,016	  	 	(4,932	)	 	 	131,166	  	 	(4,867	)	 	 	379,182	  	 	(9,799	)	
Mortgage-backed securities	  	 	51,921	  	 	(742	)	 	 	36,987	  	 	(2,225	)	 	 	88,908	  	 	(2,967	)	
Redeemable preferred stocks	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	 	 	 	6,862	  	 	(338	)	 	 	6,862	  	 	(338	)	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Debt securities	  	 	1,382,097	  	 	(14,310	)	 	 	706,016	  	 	(23,825	)	 	 	2,088,113	  	 	(38,135	)	
Non-redeemable preferred stocks	  	 	4,409	  	 	(37	)	 	 	5,477	  	 	(206	)	 	 	9,886	  	 	(243	)	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total investment securities	  	$	1,386,506	  	$	(14,347	)	 	$	711,493	  	$	(24,031	)	 	$	2,097,999	  	$	(38,378	)	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Unrealized losses at December 31, 2006 resulted from 425 positions out of a total of 758 positions held. Approximately 30% of the carrying value of our investment securities have been in an unrealized loss position greater than one year. Of these investment securities in an unrealized loss position longer than a year, approximately 97% are within 5% of recovering fair value up to cost. No single issue was below cost by more than 15%. The unrealized losses at December 31, 2006 primarily were caused by increases in interest rates. All issuers of securities trading at an unrealized loss remain current on all contractual payments and we believe it is probable that we will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the debt securities. After taking into account these and other factors, including the severity of the decline and our ability and intent to hold these securities until recovery or maturity, we determined the unrealized losses on these investment securities were temporary and, as such, no impairment was required.
The contractual maturities of debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2006, regardless of their balance sheet classification, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

 	  	Amortized
Cost	  	Fair Value	
 	  	(in thousands)	
Due within one year	  	$	262,925	  	$	262,354	
Due after one year through five years	  	 	1,064,931	  	 	1,055,582	
Due after five years through ten years	  	 	628,358	  	 	624,094	
Due after ten years	  	 	1,657,766	  	 	1,656,300	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total debt securities	  	$	3,613,980	  	$	3,598,330	

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Gross realized investment gains were $82.0 million in 2006, $21.8 million in 2005, and $36.6 million in 2004. Gross realized gains included gains from the sale of venture capital investments of $76.2 million in 2006, $5.7 million in 2005, and $16.0 million in 2004.
Gross realized investment losses were $13.6 million in 2006, $3.5 million in 2005, and $8.4 million in 2004. There were impairment losses of $0.2 million in 2006, and none in 2005 or 2004.
We participate in a securities lending program where we loan certain investment securities for short periods of time in exchange for collateral, consisting of cash or U.S. Government securities, initially equal to at least 102% of the fair value of the investment securities on loan. As of December 31, 2006, investment securities with a fair value of $618.3 million were on loan. Net investment income earned on securities lending transactions was $1.1 million in 2006 and $0.2 million in 2005 and 2004.
5. MEDICARE PART D
As discussed in Note 2, on January 1, 2006, we began covering prescription drug benefits in accordance with Medicare Part D under multiple contracts with CMS. Other current assets and trade accounts payable and accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets include the following amounts associated with Medicare Part D as of December 31, 2006:

 	  	Risk Corridor
Settlement	 	 	CMS
Subsidies	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Other current assets	  	$	18,365	 	 	$	449,984	 	
Trade accounts payable and accrued expenses	  	 	(757,084	)	 	 	(327,718	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net (liability) asset	  	$	(738,719	)	 	$	122,266	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
6. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment was comprised of the following at December 31, 2006 and 2005:

 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Land	  	$	15,912	 	 	$	16,699	 	
Buildings	  	 	291,437	 	 	 	278,405	 	
Equipment and computer software	  	 	1,080,093	 	 	 	936,463	 	
Assets held for sale	  	 	3,645	 	 	 	9,786	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	 	1,391,087	 	 	 	1,241,353	 	
Accumulated depreciation	  	 	(846,083	)	 	 	(756,941	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property and equipment, net	  	$	545,004	 	 	$	484,412	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation expense was $128.6 million in 2006, $105.1 million in 2005, and $107.3 million in 2004. Depreciation expense in 2004 included the impact of accelerating depreciation related to abandoned software more fully described below.
Accelerated Depreciation in 2004
After finalizing plans during the third quarter of 2004 to abandon some enrollment software by December 31, 2004, we reduced the estimated useful life of the software effective July 1, 2004. Accordingly, we
 
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accelerated the depreciation of the remaining software balance. The change in the useful life increased depreciation expense during 2004 by approximately $9.3 million ($5.7 million after tax), all of which was allocated to the Commercial segment.
7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by operating segment, for the year ended December 31, 2006 were as follows:

 	  	Commercial	  	Government	  	Total	
 	  	(in thousands)	
Balance at December 31, 2005	  	$	741,260	  	$	523,315	  	$	1,264,575	
CHA acquisition	  	 	39,912	  	 	—  	  	 	39,912	
Contingent purchase price settlements related to:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Prior years acquisitions	  	 	1,329	  	 	4,815	  	 	6,144	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2006	  	$	782,501	  	$	528,130	  	$	1,310,631	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Other intangible assets primarily relate to acquired subscriber contracts and are included with other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense for other intangible assets was approximately $20.0 million in 2006, $23.8 million in 2005 and $10.5 million in 2004. The following table presents our estimate of amortization expense for each of the five next succeeding fiscal years:

 	  	(in thousands)	
For the years ending December 31,:	  	 	 	
2007	  	$	16,989	
2008	  	$	14,076	
2009	  	$	10,096	
2010	  	$	9,511	
2011	  	$	9,440	
The following table presents details of our other intangible assets included in other non-current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2006 and 2005:

 	 	Weighted
Average
Life	 	2006	 	2005	 	
 	 	 	 	Cost	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	Net	 	Cost	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	Net	 	
 	 	 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Other intangible assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Subscriber contracts	 	10.2 yrs	 	$	114,944	 	$	36,449	 	$	78,495	 	$	103,251	 	$	18,483	 	$	84,768	 	
Provider contracts	 	14.5 yrs	 	 	11,500	 	 	2,012	 	 	9,488	 	 	10,300	 	 	1,202	 	 	9,098	 	
Licenses and other	 	16.7 yrs	 	 	11,602	 	 	3,929	 	 	7,673	 	 	12,890	 	 	2,741	 	 	10,149	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other intangible assets	 	11.0 yrs	 	$	138,046	 	$	42,390	 	$	95,656	 	$	126,441	 	$	22,426	 	$	104,015	 	

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8. MEDICAL AND OTHER EXPENSES PAYABLE
Activity in medical and other expenses payable was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:

 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Balances at January 1	  	$	1,909,682	 	 	$	1,422,010	 	 	$	1,272,156	 	
Acquisitions	  	 	21,198	 	 	 	37,375	 	 	 	71,063	 	
Incurred related to:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current year	  	 	17,696,654	 	 	 	11,765,662	 	 	 	10,763,105	 	
Prior years	  	 	(275,450	)	 	 	(114,192	)	 	 	(93,458	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total incurred	  	 	17,421,204	 	 	 	11,651,470	 	 	 	10,669,647	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Paid related to:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current year	  	 	(15,532,079	)	 	 	(9,979,449	)	 	 	(9,504,331	)	
Prior years	  	 	(1,331,744	)	 	 	(1,221,724	)	 	 	(1,086,525	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total paid	  	 	(16,863,823	)	 	 	(11,201,173	)	 	 	(10,590,856	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balances at December 31	  	$	2,488,261	 	 	$	1,909,682	 	 	$	1,422,010	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amounts incurred related to prior years vary from previously estimated liabilities as the claims ultimately are settled. Negative amounts reported for incurred related to prior years result from claims being ultimately settled for amounts less than originally estimated (favorable development).
As summarized in the previous table, claim reserve balances at December 31, 2005 ultimately settled during 2006 for $275.5 million less than the amounts originally estimated. During 2005, claim reserve balances at December 31, 2004 ultimately settled for $114.2 million less than the amounts originally estimated. This $161.3 million change in the amounts incurred related to prior years for 2006 as compared to 2005 consisted of $106.2 million attributable to our Medicare and commercial lines of business, as well as $55.1 million attributable to our TRICARE line of business. Amounts attributable to our TRICARE line of business are discussed separately due to the additional variability associated with this business and risk sharing provisions with the Department of Defense and subcontractors as further described below. The favorable development experienced in our Medicare and commercial operations primarily was due to (1) the utilization of hospital and physician services during the latter half of 2005 ultimately being lower than estimated, (2) the impact of hurricanes in Florida and Louisiana in the second half of 2005 on both utilization of services and claims processing, (3) significant growth in our Medicare PFFS product, (4) reductions in receipt cycle times driven by an increase in electronic claims submissions, and (5) an increase in claim overpayment recovery levels versus our historical overpayment recovery rate. The favorable development experienced in our TRICARE line of business primarily was due to the utilization of hospital and physician services during the latter half of 2005 ultimately being lower than estimated, changes in claim payment patterns resulting from fluctuations in claim inventory levels, and an increase in claim overpayment recovery levels versus our historical overpayment recovery rate.
During 2004, claim reserve balances at December 31, 2003 ultimately settled during 2004 for $93.5 million less than the amounts originally estimated. The $20.7 million change in the amounts incurred related to prior years for 2005 as compared to 2004 consisted of $16.3 million attributable to our TRICARE line of business and $4.4 million attributable to our Medicare and commercial lines of business. In each of these lines of business, the favorable development primarily was due to the utilization of hospital and physician services during the latter half of 2004 ultimately being lower than originally estimated.
 
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Our TRICARE contract contains risk-sharing provisions with the Department of Defense and with subcontractors, which effectively limit profits and losses when actual claim experience varies from the targeted medical claim amount negotiated annually. As a result of these contract provisions, the impact of changes in estimates for prior year TRICARE medical claims payable on our results of operations is reduced substantially, whether positive or negative.
Certain of our Medicare Advantage and Medicaid members are also under risk-sharing arrangements with providers. Accordingly, the impact of changes in estimates for prior year medical claims payable on our results of operations that are attributable to our Medicare and Medicaid lines of business may also be significantly reduced, whether positive or negative.
9. INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:

 	  	2006	  	2005	 	 	2004	
 	  	(in thousands)	
Current provision:	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Federal	  	$	192,878	  	$	127,653	 	 	$	73,280	
States and Puerto Rico	  	 	11,722	  	 	17,504	 	 	 	3,644	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current provision	  	 	204,600	  	 	145,157	 	 	 	76,924	
Deferred provision (benefit)	  	 	70,062	  	 	(39,007	)	 	 	52,507	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision for income taxes	  	$	274,662	  	$	106,150	 	 	$	129,431	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The provision for income taxes was different from the amount computed using the federal statutory rate for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 due to the following:

 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Income tax provision at federal statutory rate	  	$	266,730	 	 	$	141,008	 	 	$	139,782	 	
States, net of federal benefit and Puerto Rico	  	 	18,301	 	 	 	13,169	 	 	 	13,361	 	
Tax exempt investment income	  	 	(15,713	)	 	 	(11,917	)	 	 	(12,700	)	
Capital loss valuation allowance	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(5,198	)	 	 	(6,855	)	
Contingent tax reserves (benefits)	  	 	1,570	 	 	 	(27,365	)	 	 	(6,409	)	
Examination settlements	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(3,518	)	 	 	—  	 	
Other, net	  	 	3,774	 	 	 	(29	)	 	 	2,252	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision for income taxes	  	$	274,662	 	 	$	106,150	 	 	$	129,431	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The $27.4 million reduction in 2005 tax expense primarily related to the recognition of a $22.8 million contingent tax benefit and associated $3.1 million reversal of accrued interest resulting from the resolution of an uncertain tax position associated with the 2000 tax year during the first quarter of 2005 in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations. In addition, during 2005 the Internal Revenue Service completed their audit of all open years prior to 2003 which also resulted in a $3.5 million reduction in 2005 tax expense associated with revisions to prior year’s estimated taxes.
Changes in the capital loss valuation allowance in 2005 and 2004 resulted from our regular evaluation of probable capital gain realization in the allowable carryforward period given our recent and historical capital gain experience and the consideration of alternative tax planning strategies. The capital loss carryforward expired on December 31, 2005. As such, the remaining unused deferred tax asset and associated allowance were written off.
 
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
Deferred income tax balances reflect the impact of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in our consolidated financial statements, and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the reported amounts are actually recovered or settled. Principal components of our net deferred tax balances at December 31, 2006 and 2005 were as follows:

 	  	Assets (Liabilities)	 	
 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Investment securities	  	$	5,891	 	 	$	(14,963	)	
Depreciable property and intangible assets	  	 	(138,593	)	 	 	(133,672	)	
Medical and other expenses payable	  	 	37,969	 	 	 	44,971	 	
Unearned revenues	  	 	7,618	 	 	 	5,718	 	
Professional liability risks	  	 	13,866	 	 	 	13,650	 	
Stock-based awards	  	 	40,453	 	 	 	39,452	 	
Net operating loss carryforwards	  	 	10,810	 	 	 	11,987	 	
Prepaid expenses and other accruals	  	 	(26,600	)	 	 	25,120	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total net deferred income tax liabilities	  	$	(48,586	)	 	$	(7,737	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other current assets	  	$	29,467	 	 	$	68,510	 	
Other long-term liabilities	  	 	(78,053	)	 	 	(76,247	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total net deferred income tax liabilities	  	$	(48,586	)	 	$	(7,737	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
At December 31, 2006, we had approximately $28.7 million of net operating losses to carryforward related to prior acquisitions. These net operating loss carryforwards, if not used to offset future taxable income, will expire from 2007 through 2020. Based on our historical record of producing taxable income and profitability, we have concluded that future operating income will be sufficient to give rise to tax expense to recover all deferred tax assets.
10. DEBT
Long-term debt outstanding was as follows at December 31, 2006 and 2005:

 	  	2006	  	2005	
 	  	(in thousands)	
Long-term debt:	  	 	 	  	 	 	
6.45% senior, unsecured notes due 2016, net of unamortized discount of $1,393 at December 31, 2006	  	$	498,607	  	$	—  	
6.30% senior, unsecured notes due 2018, net of unamortized discount of $665 at December 31, 2006 and $724 at December 31, 2005	  	 	299,335	  	 	299,276	
7.25% senior, unsecured notes due 2006, net of unamortized discount of $86 at December 31, 2005	  	 	—  	  	 	299,914	
Fair value of interest rate swap agreements	  	 	18,093	  	 	6,084	
Deferred gain from interest rate swap exchange	  	 	—  	  	 	6,131	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total senior notes	  	 	816,035	  	 	611,405	
Credit agreement	  	 	450,000	  	 	200,000	
Other long-term borrowings	  	 	3,065	  	 	3,639	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total debt	  	 	1,269,100	  	 	815,044	
Less: Current portion of long-term debt	  	 	—  	  	 	301,254	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total long-term debt	  	$	1,269,100	  	$	513,790	

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Senior Notes
In May 2006, we issued $500 million of 6.45% senior notes due June 1, 2016. Our net proceeds, reduced for the discount and cost of the offering, were $494.3 million. We used the proceeds from the offering for the repayment of the outstanding balance under our credit agreement, which at the time of the issuance was $200 million, and the repayment of $300 million of 7.25% senior notes which matured on August 1, 2006.
Swap Agreements
In order to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of all our senior notes attributable to fluctuations in interest rates, we entered into interest rate swap agreements. Interest rate swap agreements, which are considered derivatives, are contracts that exchange interest payments on a specified principal amount, or notional amount, for a specified period. Our interest rate swap agreements exchange the fixed interest rate under all our senior notes for a variable interest rate based on LIBOR. At December 31, 2006, the weighted average effective interest rate for all of our senior notes was 6.25%.
The interest rate swap agreements, which have the same critical terms as our senior notes, are designated as fair value hedges. Changes in the fair value of the senior notes and the swap agreements due to changing interest rates are assumed to offset each other completely, resulting in no impact to earnings from hedge ineffectiveness. Our swap agreements are recognized in our consolidated balance sheets at fair value with an equal and offsetting adjustment to the carrying value of our senior notes. The fair value of our interest rate swap agreements are estimated based on quoted market prices of comparable agreements, and reflect the amounts we would receive (or pay) to terminate the agreements at the reporting date.
At December 31, 2006, the fair value of all our swap agreements was in our favor by $18.1 million and included in other long-term assets. Likewise, the carrying values of all of our senior notes have been increased $18.1 million to reflect their fair values. The counterparties to our swap agreements are major financial institutions with which we also have other financial relationships.
In June 2003, we recorded a deferred gain and received proceeds of $31.6 million in exchange for new swap agreements related to our 7.25% senior notes. The corresponding deferred swap gain of $31.6 million was being amortized to reduce interest expense over the remaining term of the 7.25% senior notes which matured August 1, 2006. Amortization of the deferred swap gain reduced interest expense by $6.1 million in 2006, $10.2 million in 2005, and $9.8 million in 2004.
Credit Agreement
On July 14, 2006, we replaced our existing 5-year $600 million unsecured revolving credit agreement with a 5-year $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit agreement. We entered into the credit agreement for general corporate purposes. Under the credit agreement, at our option, we can borrow on either a competitive advance basis or a revolving credit basis. The revolving credit portion bears interest at either a fixed rate or floating rate based on LIBOR plus a spread. The spread, which varies depending on our credit ratings, ranges from 27 to 80 basis points. We also pay an annual facility fee regardless of utilization. This facility fee, currently 10 basis points, may fluctuate between 8 and 20 basis points, depending upon our credit ratings. In addition, a utilization fee of 10 basis points is payable for any day in which borrowings under the facility exceed 50% of the total $1 billion commitment. The competitive advance portion of any borrowings will bear interest at market rates prevailing at the time of borrowing on either a fixed rate or a floating rate basis, at our option. The credit agreement contains customary restrictive and financial covenants as well as customary events of default, including financial covenants regarding the maintenance of a minimum level of net worth and a maximum leverage ratio.
 
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At December 31, 2006, we had $450 million of borrowings under the credit agreement outstanding at an interest rate of 5.73%. In addition, we have outstanding letters of credit of $3.4 million secured under the credit agreement. No amounts have ever been drawn on these letters of credit. As of December 31, 2006, we had $546.6 million of remaining borrowing capacity under the credit agreement. We have other relationships, including financial advisory and banking, with some parties to the credit agreement.
Other Long-Term Borrowings
Other long-term borrowings of $3.1 million at December 31, 2006 represent financing for the renovation of a building, bear interest at 2% per annum, are collateralized by the building, and are payable in various installments through 2014.
Shelf Registration
On March 31, 2006, we filed a universal shelf registration statement with the SEC. We are considered a “well known seasoned issuer” under the Securities Offering Reform Act that became effective in December 2005. The universal shelf registration allows us to sell our debt or equity securities, from time to time, with the amount, price and terms to be determined at the time of the sale. The net proceeds from any future sales of our securities under the universal shelf registration may be used for our operations and for other general corporate purposes, including repayment or refinancing of borrowings, working capital, capital expenditures, investments, acquisitions, or the repurchase of our outstanding securities.
11. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Employee Savings Plan
We have defined contribution retirement and savings plans covering eligible employees. Our contribution to these plans is based on various percentages of compensation, and in some instances, on the amount of our employees’ contributions to the plans. The cost of these plans amounted to approximately $56.0 million in 2006, $42.9 million in 2005, and $37.6 million in 2004, all of which was funded currently to the extent it was deductible for federal income tax purposes. Based on the year end closing stock price of $55.31, approximately 26% of the retirement and savings plan’s assets were invested in our common stock representing 3% of the shares outstanding as of December 31, 2006. Through December 31, 2006, the Company match was invested in the Humana common stock fund. However, a participant could reinvest any funds, including the Company match in the Humana common stock fund, in any other plan investment option at any time. Beginning January 1, 2007, the Company match in cash is invested in the same way as a participant’s contributions to the plan as directed by the participant.
Severance Benefits
We provide severance and related employee benefits based upon our existing employee benefit plans and policies. Severance benefits are generally determined based on years of service and salary. We accrue severance benefits when payment is probable and reasonably estimable in accordance with SFAS No. 112,  Employers’ Accounting for Postemployment Benefits.  The cost of this benefit amounted to approximately $2.7 million in 2006, $0.7 million in 2005 and $15.5 million in 2004. Severance is paid bi-weekly resulting in payments in periods subsequent to termination. We continually review estimates of future payments for probable severance benefits and make necessary adjustments to our liability for severance benefits.
Stock-Based Compensation
We have plans under which options to purchase our common stock and restricted stock awards have been granted to executive officers, directors, key employees and consultants. The terms and vesting schedules for stock-based awards vary by type of grant. Generally, the awards vest upon time-based conditions. Upon exercise,
 
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stock-based compensation awards are settled with authorized but unissued company stock. The compensation expense that has been charged against income for these plans was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004:

 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Stock-based compensation expense by type:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock options	  	$	18,025	 	 	$	24,304	 	 	$	19,648	 	
Restricted stock awards	  	 	14,533	 	 	 	5,849	 	 	 	844	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stock-based compensation expense	  	 	32,558	 	 	 	30,153	 	 	 	20,492	 	
Tax benefit recognized	  	 	(12,028	)	 	 	(11,337	)	 	 	(7,971	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax	  	$	20,530	 	 	$	18,816	 	 	$	12,521	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
A greater proportion of the awards granted to employees, excluding executive officers, during 2006 were restricted stock awards as opposed to stock options when compared to grants made in prior years.
The tax benefit recognized in our consolidated financial statements is based on the amount of compensation expense recorded for book purposes. The actual tax benefit realized in our tax return is based on the intrinsic value, or the excess of the market value over the exercise or purchase price, of stock options exercised and restricted stock awards vested during the period. The actual tax benefit realized for the deductions taken on our tax returns from option exercises and restricted stock vesting totaled $47.8 million in 2006, $22.3 million in 2005, and $9.0 million in 2004. There was no capitalized stock-based compensation expense.
Beginning April 2006, the stock plans provide that one restricted share is equivalent to 1.7 stock options. At December 31, 2006, there were 19,559,951 shares reserved for stock award plans, including 12,190,484 shares of common stock available for future grants assuming all stock options or 7,170,873 shares available for future grants assuming all restricted shares.
Stock Options
Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the average market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. Our stock plans, as approved by the Board of Directors and stockholders, define average market value as the average of the highest and lowest stock prices reported by the New York Stock Exchange on a given date. Exercise provisions vary, but most options vest in whole or in part 1 to 3 years after grant and expire 7 to 10 years after grant. Upon grant, stock options are assigned a fair value based on the Black-Scholes valuation model. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the total requisite service period, generally the total vesting period, for the entire award.
The weighted average fair value of each option granted during 2006, 2005, and 2004 is provided below. The fair value was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the weighted average assumptions indicated below:

 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	
Weighted average fair value at grant date	  	$	19.10	 	 	$	12.93	 	 	$	9.95	 	
Expected option life (years)	  	 	4.8	 	 	 	5.0	 	 	 	6.0	 	
Expected volatility	  	 	31.6	%	 	 	37.2	%	 	 	44.6	%	
Risk-free interest rate	  	 	4.6	%	 	 	3.9	%	 	 	3.4	%	
Dividend yield	  	 	None	 	 	 	None	 	 	 	None	 	
 
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When valuing employee stock options, we stratify the employee population into homogenous groups that historically have exhibited similar exercise behaviors. These groups include executive officers, directors, and all other employees. We value the stock options based on the unique assumptions for each of these employee groups.
We calculate the expected term for our employee stock options based on historical employee exercise behavior. The increase in our stock price in recent years and reduction of the contractual term from 10 years to 7 years has led to a pattern of earlier exercise by employees, therefore contributing to the gradual decline in the average expected term over the last few years.
The volatility used to value employee stock options is based on historical volatility. We calculate historical volatility using a simple average calculation methodology based on daily price intervals as measured over the expected term of the option. We have consistently applied this methodology since our adoption of the disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123,  Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation , or SFAS 123. The decrease in the historical volatility used to value our employee stock options is due to changes in the stock price pattern over the past several years.
We base the risk-free interest rate on a traded zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond with a term substantially equal to the option’s expected term.
Activity for our option plans was as follows for the year ended December 31, 2006:

 	  	Shares Under
Option	 	 	Weighted
Average
Exercise Price	
Options outstanding at December 31, 2005	  	9,661,758	 	 	$	19.50	
Granted	  	1,004,412	 	 	 	54.16	
Exercised	  	(3,225,064	)	 	 	15.24	
Forfeited	  	(154,695	)	 	 	21.28	
Expired	  	(400	)	 	 	32.70	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Options outstanding at December 31, 2006	  	7,286,011	 	 	$	26.12	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	Shares
Under
Option	  	Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price	  	Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term	  	Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value Per
Share(1)	  	Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
($000)(1)	
Options exercisable at December 31, 2006	  	3,850,609	  	$	17.35	  	4.9 Years	  	$	38.03	  	$	146,455	
Options vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2006(2)	  	7,235,837	  	$	26.00	  	5.2 Years	  	$	29.42	  	$	212,883	

(1)	Computed based upon the amount by which the fair market value of our common stock at December 29, 2006 of $55.38 per share exceeded the weighted average exercise price.	
(2)	We began estimating forfeitures under SFAS 123R upon adoption on January 1, 2006.	
The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during 2006 was $133.7 million, compared with $57.8 million during 2005 and $18.9 million during 2004. Cash received from stock option exercises for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004 totaled $49.2 million, $36.4 million, and $30.0 million, respectively.
Total compensation expense related to nonvested options not yet recognized was $19.3 million at December 31, 2006. We expect to recognize this compensation expense over a weighted average period of approximately 1.7 years.
 
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Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted stock awards are granted with a fair value equal to the market price of our common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recorded straight-line over the vesting period, generally three years from the date of grant.
The weighted average grant date fair value of our restricted stock awards was $54.36, $32.81, and $24.77 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. Activity for our restricted stock awards was as follows for the year ended December 31, 2006:

 	  	Shares	 	 	Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value	
Nonvested restricted stock at December 31, 2005	  	489,300	 	 	$	32.92	
Granted	  	728,307	 	 	 	54.36	
Vested	  	(41,665	)	 	 	54.02	
Forfeited	  	(68,487	)	 	 	38.82	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Nonvested restricted stock at December 31, 2006	  	1,107,455	 	 	$	45.86	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
The fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004 was $2.3 million, $0.6 million, and $0.6 million, respectively. Total compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock awards not yet recognized was $26.9 million at December 31, 2006. We expect to recognize this compensation expense over a weighted average period of approximately 1.8 years. There are no other contractual terms covering restricted stock awards once vested.
Restrospective Application
We adopted SFAS 123R effective January 1, 2006. In accordance with the modified retrospective application method, we have adjusted previously reported results to reflect the effect of expensing stock awards. The cumulative effect adjustment for a change in accounting principle relating to the estimate of forfeitures on all unvested awards at January 1, 2006 was immaterial and is included in compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2006. The following table illustrates the effect of the retrospective application on the beginning balances of the specified balance sheet accounts as if the fair value method described in SFAS 123R had been applied to all prior years for which the original provisions of SFAS 123 were effective.

 	  	As of
December 31,
2005	 	 	As of
December 31,
2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Other long-term liabilities (net deferred tax liability), before adoption	  	$	662,129	 	 	$	604,229	 	
Adjustment for SFAS 123	  	 	(34,769	)	 	 	(34,124	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other long-term liabilities (net deferred tax liability), after adoption	  	$	627,360	 	 	$	570,105	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capital in excess of par value, before adoption	  	$	1,098,117	 	 	$	1,017,156	 	
Adjustment for SFAS 123	  	 	137,771	 	 	 	137,281	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capital in excess of par value, after adoption	  	$	1,235,888	 	 	$	1,154,437	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Retained earnings, before adoption	  	$	1,538,306	 	 	$	1,229,823	 	
Adjustment for SFAS 123	  	 	(116,631	)	 	 	(104,878	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Retained earnings, after adoption	  	$	1,421,675	 	 	$	1,124,945	 	

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The effect of the retrospective adoption of SFAS 123R on the consolidated statements of income and cash flows for the years presented is as follows:

 	  	For the years ended
December 31,	 	
 	  	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands, except
per share results)	 	
Income from operations, before adoption	  	$	461,029	 	 	$	439,022	 	
Adjustment for SFAS 123	  	 	(18,834	)	 	 	(16,472	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from operations, after adoption	  	$	442,195	 	 	$	422,550	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before income taxes, before adoption	  	$	421,714	 	 	$	415,850	 	
Adjustment for SFAS 123	  	 	(18,834	)	 	 	(16,472	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before income taxes, after adoption	  	$	402,880	 	 	$	399,378	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income, before adoption	  	$	308,483	 	 	$	280,012	 	
Adjustment for SFAS 123	  	 	(11,753	)	 	 	(10,065	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income, after adoption	  	$	296,730	 	 	$	269,947	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic earnings per common share, before adoption	  	$	1.91	 	 	$	1.75	 	
Adjustment for SFAS 123	  	 	(0.08	)	 	 	(0.07	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic earnings per common share, after adoption	  	$	1.83	 	 	$	1.68	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted earnings per common share, before adoption	  	$	1.87	 	 	$	1.72	 	
Adjustment for SFAS 123	  	 	(0.08	)	 	 	(0.06	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted earnings per common share, after adoption	  	$	1.79	 	 	$	1.66	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities, before adoption	  	$	625,627	 	 	$	347,809	 	
Adjustment for SFAS 123	  	 	(15,545	)	 	 	(3,748	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities, after adoption	  	$	610,082	 	 	$	344,061	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities, before adoption	  	$	293,586	 	 	$	(75,053	)	
Adjustment for SFAS 123	  	 	15,545	 	 	 	3,748	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities, after adoption	  	$	309,131	 	 	$	(71,305	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
12. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE COMPUTATION
Detail supporting the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:

 	  	2006	  	2005	  	2004	
 	  	(in thousands, except per share results)	
Net income available for common stockholders	  	$	487,423	  	$	296,730	  	$	269,947	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock used to compute basic earnings per common share	  	 	164,137	  	 	161,714	  	 	160,421	
Dilutive effect of:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Employee stock options	  	 	3,542	  	 	3,751	  	 	2,448	
Restricted stock awards	  	 	317	  	 	95	  	 	36	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share	  	 	167,996	  	 	165,560	  	 	162,905	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Basic earnings per common share	  	$	2.97	  	$	1.83	  	$	1.68	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Diluted earnings per common share	  	$	2.90	  	$	1.79	  	$	1.66	

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Stock options to purchase 854,379 shares in 2006, 826,587 shares in 2005, and 2,865,166 shares in 2004 were anti-dilutive and, therefore, were not included in the computations of diluted earnings per common share.
13. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Stock Repurchases
During 2006, we acquired 467,767 of our common shares in connection with employee stock plans at an aggregate cost of $26.2 million, or an average of $56.03 per share.
Stockholders’ Rights Plan
Our stockholders’ rights plan expired in accordance with its terms in February 2006.
Regulatory Requirements
Certain of our subsidiaries operate in states that regulate the payment of dividends, loans, or other cash transfers to Humana Inc., our parent company, and require minimum levels of equity as well as limit investments to approved securities. The amount of dividends that may be paid to Humana Inc. by these subsidiaries, without prior approval by state regulatory authorities, is limited based on the entity’s level of statutory income and statutory capital and surplus. In most states, prior notification is provided before paying a dividend even if approval is not required.
As of December 31, 2006, we maintained aggregate statutory capital and surplus of $2,066.0 million in our state regulated subsidiaries. Each of these subsidiaries was in compliance with applicable statutory requirements which aggregated $1,430.3 million. Although the minimum required levels of equity are largely based on premium volume, product mix, and the quality of assets held, minimum requirements can vary significantly at the state level.
Most states rely on risk-based capital requirements, or RBC, to define their required levels of equity discussed above. RBC is a model developed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners to monitor an entity’s solvency. This calculation indicates recommended minimum levels of required capital and surplus and signals regulatory measures should actual surplus fall below these recommended levels. If RBC were adopted by the remaining states and Puerto Rico at December 31, 2006, each of our subsidiaries would be in substantial compliance and we would have $516.2 million of aggregate capital and surplus above any of the levels that require corrective action under RBC, or individual state requirements.
14. COMMITMENTS, GUARANTEES AND CONTINGENCIES
Leases
We lease facilities, computer hardware, and other equipment under long-term operating leases that are noncancelable and expire on various dates through 2017. We sublease facilities or partial facilities to third party tenants for space not used in our operations. Rent with scheduled escalation terms are accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rent expense and sublease rental income, which are recorded net as an administrative expense, for all operating leases was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:

 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Rent expense	  	$	104,711	 	 	$	81,357	 	 	$	78,222	 	
Sublease rental income	  	 	(10,442	)	 	 	(11,192	)	 	 	(11,291	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net rent expense	  	$	94,269	 	 	$	70,165	 	 	$	66,931	 	

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Future annual minimum payments due subsequent to December 31, 2006 under all of our noncancelable operating leases with initial terms in excess of one year are as follows:

 	  	Minimum
Lease
Payments	  	Sublease
Rental
Receipts	 	 	Net Lease
Commitments	
 	  	(in thousands)	
For the years ending December 31:	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2007	  	$	88,196	  	$	(1,988	)	 	$	86,208	
2008	  	 	66,974	  	 	(774	)	 	 	66,200	
2009	  	 	50,217	  	 	(173	)	 	 	50,044	
2010	  	 	41,103	  	 	—  	 	 	 	41,103	
2011	  	 	23,021	  	 	—  	 	 	 	23,021	
Thereafter	  	 	15,368	  	 	—  	 	 	 	15,368	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	284,879	  	$	(2,935	)	 	$	281,944	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Purchase Obligations
We have agreements to purchase services, primarily information technology related services, or to make improvements to real estate, in each case that are enforceable and legally binding on us and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum levels of service to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the appropriate timing of the transaction. We have purchase obligation commitments of $27.4 million in 2007, $14.5 million in 2008, $3.7 million in 2009, $2.8 million in 2010 and $1.3 million thereafter. Purchase obligations exclude agreements that are cancelable without penalty.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As part of our ongoing business, we do not participate or knowingly seek to participate in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities (SPEs), which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As of December 31, 2006, we are not involved in any SPE transactions.
Guarantees and Indemnifications
Our operating lease of an airplane, which expires January 1, 2010, provides for a residual value payment of no more than $4.8 million at the end of the lease term. At the end of the term, we have the right to exercise a purchase option for $8.9 million or the airplane can be sold to a third party. The residual value payment will be reduced by the net sales proceeds in excess of $4.2 million from the sale of the airplane to a third party.
Through indemnity agreements approved by the state regulatory authorities, certain of our regulated subsidiaries generally are guaranteed by Humana Inc., our parent company, in the event of insolvency for (1) member coverage for which premium payment has been made prior to insolvency; (2) benefits for members then hospitalized until discharged; and (3) payment to providers for services rendered prior to insolvency. Our parent also has guaranteed the obligations of our TRICARE subsidiaries.
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements under which we may agree to indemnify a third party to such arrangement from any losses incurred relating to the services they perform on behalf of us, or for losses arising from certain events as defined within the particular contract, which may
 
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include, for example, litigation or claims relating to past performance. Such indemnification obligations may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. Historically, payments made related to these indemnifications have been immaterial.
Government Contracts
Our Medicare business, which accounted for approximately 55% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily consisted of products covered under the Medicare Advantage and stand-alone PDP contracts with the federal government. These contracts are renewed generally for a one-year term each December 31 unless CMS notifies Humana of its decision not to renew by May 1 of the contract year, or Humana notifies CMS of its decision not to renew by the first Monday in June of the contract year. All material contracts between Humana and CMS relating to our Medicare business have been renewed for 2007.
Our TRICARE business, which accounted for approximately 12% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily consisted of the South Region contract. The 5-year South Region contract is subject to annual renewals on April 1 of each year at the government’s option. Effective April 1, 2006, the South Region contract was extended into the third option period, which runs from April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007. We have received a notice from the government of its intent to renew the fourth option period. The 5-year South Region contract expires March 31, 2009. As required under the contract, the target underwritten health care cost and underwriting fee amounts for the third option period were negotiated. Any variance from the target health care cost is shared with the federal government. Accordingly, events and circumstances not contemplated in the negotiated target health care cost amount could have a material adverse effect on our business. These changes may include, for example, an increase or reduction in the number of persons enrolled or eligible to enroll due to the federal government’s decision to increase or decrease U.S. military deployments. In the event government reimbursements were to decline from projected amounts, our failure to reduce the health care costs associated with these programs could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our Medicaid business, which accounted for approximately 3% of our total premiums and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006, consisted of contracts in Puerto Rico and Florida. Our Medicaid contracts with the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration accounted for approximately 2% of our total premium and ASO fees for the year ended December 31, 2006. We currently are operating under the terms of our contracts that expired October 31, 2006. Due to several ongoing and unresolved issues with the program, the government of Puerto Rico has decided to delay the bid process for new contracts. We currently are working with the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration regarding terms and rates which is expected to result in an extension of the existing contracts through September 30, 2007. There is no assurance that the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration will request such an extension, and we are unable to predict the ultimate impact that any government policy or fiscal decisions might have on the continuation of our Medicaid contracts in Puerto Rico.
The loss of any of the contracts above or significant changes in these programs as a result of legislative action, including reductions in premium payments to us, or increases in member benefits without corresponding increases in premium payments to us, may have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Legal Proceedings
Our current and past business practices are subject to review by various state insurance and health care regulatory authorities and other state and federal regulatory authorities. These authorities regularly scrutinize the business practices of health insurance and benefits companies. These reviews focus on numerous facets of our business, including claims payment practices, competitive practices, commission payments, privacy issues,
 
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utilization management practices, and sales practices. Some of these reviews have historically resulted in fines imposed on us and some have required changes to some of our practices. We continue to be subject to these reviews, which could result in additional fines or other sanctions being imposed on us or additional changes in some of our practices.
We also are involved in various lawsuits that arise, for the most part, in the ordinary course of our business operations, including employment litigation, claims of medical malpractice, bad faith, nonacceptance or termination of providers, anticompetitive practices, improper rate setting, failure to disclose network discounts and various other provider arrangements, intellectual property matters, and challenges to subrogation practices. We also are subject to claims relating to performance of contractual obligations to providers, members, and others, including failure to properly pay claims, challenges to our implementation of the new Medicare prescription drug program and other litigation.
Personal injury claims and claims for extracontractual damages arising from medical benefit denials are covered by insurance from our wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary and excess carriers, except to the extent that claimants seek punitive damages, which may not be covered by insurance in certain states in which insurance coverage for punitive damages is not permitted. In addition, insurance coverage for all or certain forms of liability has become increasingly costly and may become unavailable or prohibitively expensive in the future.
The outcome of current suits or likelihood or outcome of future suits or governmental investigations cannot be accurately predicted with certainty, and therefore, such legal actions and government audits and investigations could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
15. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We manage our business with two segments: Government and Commercial. The Government segment consists of members enrolled in government-sponsored programs, and includes three lines of business: Medicare, TRICARE, and Medicaid. The Commercial segment consists of members enrolled in products marketed to employer groups and individuals, and includes two lines of business: medical (fully and self insured) and specialty. We identified our segments in accordance with the aggregation provisions of SFAS 131, which is consistent with information used by our Chief Executive Officer in managing our business. The segment information aggregates products with similar economic characteristics. These characteristics include the nature of customer groups and pricing, benefits and underwriting requirements.
The accounting policies of each segment are the same and are described in Note 2. The results of each segment are measured by income before income taxes. We allocate all selling, general and administrative expenses, investment and other income, interest expense, and goodwill, but no other assets or liabilities, to our segments. Members served by our two segments often utilize the same medical provider networks, enabling us to obtain more favorable contract terms with providers. Our segments also share overhead costs and assets. As a result, the profitability of each segment is interdependent.
 
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Our segment results were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004:

 	  	Government Segment	
 	  	2006	  	2005	  	2004	
 	  	(in thousands)	
Revenues:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Premiums:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Medicare Advantage	  	$	8,499,064	  	$	4,590,362	  	$	3,086,598	
Medicare stand-alone PDP	  	 	3,050,304	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total Medicare	  	 	11,549,368	  	 	4,590,362	  	 	3,086,598	
TRICARE	  	 	2,543,930	  	 	2,407,653	  	 	2,127,595	
Medicaid	  	 	520,520	  	 	548,714	  	 	511,193	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total premiums	  	 	14,613,818	  	 	7,546,729	  	 	5,725,386	
Administrative services fees	  	 	49,442	  	 	50,059	  	 	106,764	
Investment and other income	  	 	117,858	  	 	21,123	  	 	26,261	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total revenues	  	 	14,781,118	  	 	7,617,911	  	 	5,858,411	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Operating expenses:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Medical	  	 	12,424,047	  	 	6,272,045	  	 	4,825,064	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,730,243	  	 	963,354	  	 	715,299	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	85,071	  	 	56,310	  	 	44,488	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	14,239,361	  	 	7,291,709	  	 	5,584,851	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Income from operations	  	 	541,757	  	 	326,202	  	 	273,560	
Interest expense	  	 	27,912	  	 	9,526	  	 	4,497	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Income before income taxes	  	$	513,845	  	$	316,676	  	$	269,063	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Premium and administrative services revenues derived from our contracts with the federal government, as a percentage of our total premium and ASO revenues, were approximately 67% for 2006, 51% for 2005 and 43% for 2004.

 	  	Commercial Segment	
 	  	2006	  	2005	  	2004	
 	  	(in thousands)	
Revenues:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Premiums:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Fully insured:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
PPO	  	$	3,684,442	  	$	3,635,347	  	$	3,786,501	
HMO	  	 	2,019,936	  	 	2,432,768	  	 	2,827,981	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total fully insured	  	 	5,704,378	  	 	6,068,115	  	 	6,614,482	
Specialty	  	 	410,986	  	 	386,747	  	 	349,564	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total premiums	  	 	6,115,364	  	 	6,454,862	  	 	6,964,046	
Administrative services fees	  	 	291,769	  	 	209,378	  	 	166,032	
Investment and other income	  	 	228,286	  	 	135,976	  	 	115,836	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total revenues	  	 	6,635,419	  	 	6,800,216	  	 	7,245,914	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Operating expenses:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Medical	  	 	4,997,157	  	 	5,379,425	  	 	5,844,583	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,291,266	  	 	1,232,250	  	 	1,179,037	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	63,527	  	 	72,548	  	 	73,304	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	6,351,950	  	 	6,684,223	  	 	7,096,924	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Income from operations	  	 	283,469	  	 	115,993	  	 	148,990	
Interest expense	  	 	35,229	  	 	29,789	  	 	18,675	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Income before income taxes	  	$	248,240	  	$	86,204	  	$	130,315	

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Humana Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
16. REINSURANCE
Certain old blocks of run-off insurance assumed in acquisitions, primarily life insurance and annuities, are subject to 100% coinsurance agreements where the underwriting risk and all administrative functions, including premium collections and claim payments, related to these policies has been ceded to a third-party. Coinsurance is a form of reinsurance. We acquired these policies and the related reinsurance agreements with the purchase of the stock of the companies in which the policies were originally written. We acquired these companies for business reasons unrelated to these policies, including the companies’ licenses necessary to fulfill strategic plans.
A reinsurance agreement between two entities transfers the underwriting risk of policyholder liabilities to a reinsurer; while the primary insurer retains the contractual relationship with the ultimate insured. As such, these reinsurance agreements do not completely relieve us of our potential liability to the ultimate insured. However, given the transfer of underwriting risk, our potential liability is limited to the credit exposure which exists should the reinsurer be unable to meet its obligations assumed under these reinsurance agreements.
Given that all policies are 100% reinsured by third parties, the following amounts pertaining to the reinsurance agreements had no effect on our results of operations. Premiums ceded were $15.7 million in 2006, $21.7 million in 2005, and $30.0 million in 2004. Liabilities, included in other long-term liabilities, and related reinsurance recoverables, included in other long-term assets, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets under these coinsurance agreements were $242.7 million at December 31, 2006 and $253.4 million at December 31, 2005.
We evaluate the financial condition of these reinsurers on a regular basis. These reinsurers are well-known and well-established, as evidenced by the strong financial ratings at December 31, 2006 presented below:

Reinsurer	  	Total
Recoverable	  	Rating(a)	
 	  	(in thousands)	
Protective Life Insurance Company	  	$	222,639	  	A+ (superior)	
All others	  	 	20,080	  	A to A- (excellent)	
 	  	 	 	  	 	
 	  	$	242,719	  	 	

(a)	Ratings are published by A.M. Best Company Inc.	
 
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
    of Humana Inc.:
We have completed integrated audits of Humana Inc.’s consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below.
Consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Humana Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedules listed in the index appearing under Item 15 (2) present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit of financial statements includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004),  Share-Based Payment , in accordance with the modified retrospective method effective January 1, 2006.
Internal control over financial reporting
Also, in our opinion, management’s assessment, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A, that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 based on criteria established in  Internal Control—Integrated Framework  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on those criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in  Internal Control—Integrated Framework  issued by the COSO. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on management’s assessment and on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.
 
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A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/    PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Louisville, Kentucky
February 23, 2007
 
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Humana Inc.
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(Unaudited)
A summary of our quarterly unaudited results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 follows:

 	  	2006	
 	  	First	  	Second(a)	  	Third	  	Fourth	
 	  	(in thousands, except per share results)	
Total revenues	  	$	4,704,365	  	$	5,407,169	  	$	5,649,784	  	$	5,655,219	
Income before income taxes	  	 	131,208	  	 	140,322	  	 	249,374	  	 	241,181	
Net income	  	 	83,715	  	 	89,489	  	 	159,198	  	 	155,021	
Basic earnings per common share	  	 	0.51	  	 	0.55	  	 	0.97	  	 	0.94	
Diluted earnings per common share	  	 	0.50	  	 	0.53	  	 	0.95	  	 	0.92	
 	 	
 	  	2005	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	First(b)(d)	  	Second(d)	  	Third(d)	  	Fourth(c)(d)	
 	  	(in thousands, except per share results)	
Total revenues	  	$	3,387,225	  	$	3,546,361	  	$	3,821,461	  	$	3,663,080	
Income before income taxes	  	 	116,680	  	 	124,848	  	 	66,678	  	 	94,674	
Net income	  	 	106,735	  	 	81,412	  	 	46,807	  	 	61,776	
Basic earnings per common share	  	 	0.66	  	 	0.50	  	 	0.29	  	 	0.38	
Diluted earnings per common share	  	 	0.65	  	 	0.49	  	 	0.28	  	 	0.37	

(a)	Includes the operations of CHA Health since May 1, 2006, the date of its acquisition.	
(b)	Includes the operations of CarePlus since February 16, 2005, the date of its acquisition.	
(c)	Includes the operations of Corphealth since December 20, 2005, the date of its acquisition.	
(d)	We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, or SFAS 123R, on January 1, 2006. We have adjusted prior period amounts to reflect the effect of expensing stock awards under the modified retrospective application method of SFAS 123R.	
 
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ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	
Management’s Responsibility for Financial Statements and Other Information
We are responsible for the preparation and integrity of the consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report. The consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and include amounts based on our estimates and judgments. All other financial information in this report has been presented on a basis consistent with the information included in the financial statements.
Our control environment is the foundation for our system of internal control over financial reporting and is embodied in our Business Ethics Policy. It sets the tone of our organization and includes factors such as integrity and ethical values. Our internal control over financial reporting is supported by formal policies and procedures which are reviewed, modified and improved as changes occur in business conditions and operations.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which is composed solely of independent outside directors, meets periodically with members of management, the internal auditors and our independent registered public accounting firm to review and discuss internal controls over financial reporting and accounting and financial reporting matters. Our independent registered public accounting firm and internal auditors report to the Audit Committee and accordingly have full and free access to the Audit Committee at any time.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to members of senior management and the Board of Directors.
Based on our evaluation as of December 31, 2006, we as the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer and the principal accounting officer of the Company have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We are responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
We assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in  Internal Control—Integrated Framework . Based on our assessment, we determined that, as of December 31, 2006, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
Our assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm who also audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as stated in their report which appears on page 93.
Michael B. McCallister
President and Chief Executive Officer
James H. Bloem
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Steven E. McCulley
Vice President and Controller, Principal Accounting Officer
 
ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION	
None.
 
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PART III
 
ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	
Directors
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007 appearing under the caption “Election of Directors” of such Proxy Statement.
Executive Officers
Set forth below are names and ages of all of our current executive officers as of February 1, 2007, their positions, and the date first elected an officer:

Name	  	Age	  	Position	  	First
Elected
Officer	 	
Michael B. McCallister	  	54	  	President and Chief Executive Officer	  	09/89	(1)	
James E. Murray	  	53	  	Chief Operating Officer	  	08/90	(2)	
John M. Bertko	  	57	  	Vice President—Chief Actuary	  	03/00	(3)	
James H. Bloem	  	56	  	Senior Vice President—Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer	  	02/01	(4)	
Bruce J. Goodman	  	65	  	Senior Vice President—Chief Service and Information Officer	  	04/99	(5)	
Bonita C. Hathcock	  	58	  	Senior Vice President—Chief Human Resources Officer	  	05/99	(6)	
Arthur P. Hipwell	  	58	  	Senior Vice President—General Counsel	  	08/90	(7)	
Thomas J. Liston	  	45	  	Senior Vice President—Strategy and Corporate Development	  	01/97	(8)	
Jonathan T. Lord, M.D.  	  	52	  	Senior Vice President—Chief Innovation Officer	  	04/00	(9)	
Heidi S. Margulis	  	53	  	Senior Vice President—Government Relations	  	12/95	(10)	
Steven E. McCulley	  	45	  	Vice President & Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)	  	08/04	(11)	
Steven O. Moya	  	57	  	Senior Vice President—Chief Marketing Officer	  	01/01	(12)	

(1)	Mr. McCallister was elected President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors in February 2000. Prior to that, Mr. McCallister served as Senior Vice President—Health System Management from January 1998 to February 2000. Mr. McCallister joined the Company in June 1974.	
(2)	Mr. Murray currently serves as Chief Operating Officer, having held this position since February 2006. Prior to that, Mr. Murray held the position of Chief Operating Officer—Market and Business Segment Operations from September 2002 to February 2006, Chief Operating Officer—Service Operations from February 2001 to September 2002, and Chief Operating Officer—Health Plan Division and Interim Chief Financial Officer from February 2000 to February 2001. Mr. Murray joined the Company in October 1989.	
(3)	Mr. Bertko currently serves as Vice President—Chief Actuary and joined the Company in October 1999 as Vice President—Actuarial Consulting.	
(4)	Mr. Bloem currently serves as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, having held this position since July 2002. Prior to that, Mr. Bloem served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from February 2001, when he joined the company, through July 2002.	
(5)	Mr. Goodman currently serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Service and Information Officer having held this position since September 2002. Mr. Goodman joined the Company in April 1999 as Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer.	
(6)	Ms. Hathcock currently serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer having held this position since May 1999 when she joined the Company.	
(7)	Mr. Hipwell currently serves as Senior Vice President and General Counsel having held this position since September 1999. Mr. Hipwell joined the Company in 1979.	
(8)	Mr. Liston currently serves as Senior Vice President—Strategy & Corporate Development having held this position since July 2000. Mr. Liston joined the Company in 1995.	
 
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(9)	Dr. Lord currently serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Innovation Officer having held this position since September 2002. Prior to that, he served as Senior Vice President and Chief Clinical Strategy and Innovation Officer from February 2001 to September 2002. Dr. Lord joined the Company in April 2000 as Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer.	
(10)	Ms. Margulis currently serves as Senior Vice President—Government Relations having held this position since January 2000. Prior to that, she served as Vice President—Government Affairs from May 1996 to January 2000. Ms. Margulis joined the Company in November 1985.	
(11)	Mr. McCulley currently serves as Vice President & Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) having held this position since August 2004. Prior to that, he served as Vice President & Controller from January 2001 to August 2004, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Market Operations from May 2000 to January 2001. Mr. McCulley joined the company in 1990.	
(12)	Mr. Moya currently serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer having held this position since January 2001.	
Executive officers are elected annually by the Company’s Board of Directors and serve until their successors are elected or until resignation or removal. There are no family relationships among any of the executive officers of the Company.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007 appearing under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” of such Proxy Statement.
Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers, violations of which should be reported to the Audit Committee. The code may be viewed on our web site at www.humana.com. Any amendment to or waiver of the application of the Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers will be promptly disclosed on the Company’s web site at www.humana.com.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Since 1995, the Company has operated under an omnibus Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, known as the Humana Inc. Principles of Business Ethics, which includes provisions ranging from restrictions on gifts to conflicts of interest. All employees and directors are required to annually affirm in writing their acceptance of the code. The Humana Inc. Principles of Business Ethics was adopted by our Board of Directors in February 2004 as the document to comply with the New York Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Standard 303A.10. The Humana Inc. Principles of Business Ethics is available at our web site www.humana.com and upon a written request addressed to Humana Inc. Corporate Secretary at 500 West Main Street, 27 th Floor, Louisville, Kentucky 40202. Any waiver of the application of the Humana Inc. Principles of Business Ethics to directors or executive officers must be made by the Board of Directors and will be promptly disclosed on our web site at www.humana.com.
Corporate Governance Items
We have made available free of charge on or through the Investor Relations section of our Internet web site (http://www.humana.com) our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Proxy Statements, and all of our other reports, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Also available on our Internet web site is information about our Board of
 
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Directors, including a determination of independence for each member, the various committees of our Board of Directors, the charters of these committees, the name(s) of the Directors designated as a financial expert under rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, the process for designating a lead director to act at executive sessions of the non-management Directors, the pre-approval process of non-audit services provided by our independent accountants, the process by which stockholders can communicate with Directors, the process by which stockholders can make Director nominations, the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Humana Principles of Business Ethics, and the Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers. Any waivers or amendments for Directors or Executive Officers to the Principles of Business Ethics and the Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers will be promptly displayed on our web site. The Company will provide any of these documents in print without charge to any stockholder who makes a written request to: Corporate Secretary, Humana Inc., 500 West Main Street, 27 th floor, Louisville, Kentucky 40202. Additional information about these items can be found in, and is incorporated by reference to, the Company’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007.
Material Changes to the Procedures by which Security Holders May Recommend Nominees to the Registrant’s Board Of Directors
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007 appearing under the caption “Majority Vote Policy” of such Proxy Statement.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007 appearing under the caption “Corporate Governance-Audit Committee” of such Proxy Statement.
Audit Committee Composition and Independence
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007 appearing under the caption “Corporate Governance-Committee Composition” of such Proxy Statement.
Certifications
Our CEO and CFO have signed the certifications required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. These certifications are filed as Exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additionally, our CEO has signed the certificate as to compliance with the Corporate Governance Listing Standards adopted by the New York Stock Exchange as of December 31, 2005 and will sign the certificate as to such compliance as of December 31, 2006.
 
ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	
Additional information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference from our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007 appearing under the captions “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Director Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Organization & Compensation Committee Report,” and “Executive Compensation of the Company” of such Proxy Statement.
 
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ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007 appearing under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners of Company Common Stock” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” of such Proxy Statement.
 
ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007 appearing under the captions “Certain Transactions with Management and Others” and “Independent Directors” of such Proxy Statement.
 
ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES	
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 26, 2007 appearing under the caption “Audit Committee Report” of such Proxy Statement.
 
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PART IV
 
ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	
The financial statements, financial statement schedules and exhibits set forth below are filed as part of this report.

(1)	  	Financial Statements—The response to this portion of Item 15 is submitted as Item 8 of Part II of this report.	
 	 	
(2)	  	The following Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules are included herein:	
 	 	
 	  	Schedule I Parent Company Financial Information	
 	 	
 	  	Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	
 	 	
 	  	All other schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable.	
 	 	 	
(3)	  	Exhibits:	  	 	
 	 	 	
 	  	3(a)	  	Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on November 9, 1989, as restated to incorporate the amendment of January 9, 1992, and the correction of March 23, 1992. Exhibit 4(i) to the Company’s Post-Effective Amendment No.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Reg. No. 33-49305) filed February 2, 1994, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	  (b)	  	By-laws, as amended, on January 4, 2007, filed herewith.	
 	 	 	
 	  	4(a)	  	Indenture dated August 5, 2003 covering the Company’s Senior Debt Securities. Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	  (b)	  	First Supplemental Indenture dated August 5, 2003 covering the Company’s 6.30% Senior Notes due 2018. Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	  (c)	  	Second Supplemental Indenture dated May 31, 2006 covering the Company’s 6.450% Senior Notes due 2016. Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s 8-K filed on May 31, 2006, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	  (d)	  	Indenture dated March 30, 2006 by and between the Company and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form S-3 filed on March 31, 2006, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	  (e)	  	There are no instruments defining the rights of holders with respect to long-term debt in excess of 10 percent of the total assets of the Company on a consolidated basis. Other long-term indebtedness of the Company is described herein in Note 10 to Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company agrees to furnish copies of all such instruments defining the rights of the holders of such indebtedness not otherwise filed as an Exhibit to the Form 10-K to the Commission upon request.	
 	 	 	
 	  	10(a)*	  	1989 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors. Exhibit B to the Company’s Proxy Statement covering the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on January 11, 1990, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (b)*	  	Amendment No. 1 to the 1989 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors. Annex C to the Company’s Proxy Statement covering the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on February 18, 1993, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (c)*	  	Amendment No. 2 to the 1989 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors. Exhibit 10(h) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1993, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 
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 	  	10(d)*	  	1989 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors, as amended and restated in 1998. Exhibit A to the Company’s Proxy Statement covering the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 14, 1998, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (e)*	  	1996 Stock Incentive Plan for Employees. Annex A to the Company’s Proxy Statement covering the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 9, 1996, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (f)*	  	1996 Stock Incentive Plan for Employees as amended in 1998. Exhibit C to the Company’s Proxy Statement covering the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 14, 1998, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (g)*	  	Humana Inc. Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan for Employees. Exhibit 99 to the Company’s Form S-8 Registration Statement No. 333-86801 filed on September 9, 1999, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (h)*	  	Form of Company’s Stock Option Agreement under the 1996 Stock Incentive Plan for Employees (Non-Qualified Stock Options). Exhibit 10(a) to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 26, 2004, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (i)*	  	Form of Company’s Stock Option Agreement under the 1996 Stock Incentive Plan for Employees (Incentive Stock Options). Exhibit 10(b) to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 26, 2004, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (j)*	  	Form of Company’s Stock Option Agreement under the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan (Non-Qualified Stock Options). Exhibit 10(c) to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 26, 2004, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (k)*	  	Form of Company’s Stock Option Agreement under the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan (Incentive Stock Options). Exhibit 10(d) to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 26, 2004, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (l)*	  	Humana Inc. Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Incentive Plan. Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement covering the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on April 27, 2006, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	   (m)*	  	Humana Inc. 2003 Executive Management Incentive Compensation Plan. Appendix C to the Company’s Proxy Statement covering the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 15, 2003, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (n)*	  	Restated agreement providing for termination benefits in the event of a change of control. Exhibit 10(m) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (o)*	  	Employment Agreement—Michael B. McCallister. Exhibit 10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (p)*	  	Trust under Humana Inc. Deferred Compensation Plans. Exhibit 10(p) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (q)*	  	The Humana Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors. Exhibit 10(s) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (r)*	  	Severance policy. Exhibit 10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1999, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (s)*	  	Humana Officers’ Target Retirement Plan, as amended. Exhibit 10(p) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 
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 	  	  10(t)*	  	Summary of Changes to Humana Inc. Retirement Plans, as amended. Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (u)*	  	Humana Supplemental Executive Retirement and Savings Plan, as amended and restated on December 31, 2003. Exhibit 10(w) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (v)*	  	Letter agreement with Company officers concerning health insurance availability. Exhibit 10(mm) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (w)*	  	Executive Long-Term Disability Program. Exhibit 10(a) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	      (x)*	  	Indemnity Agreement. Appendix B to the Company’s Proxy Statement covering the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on January 8, 1987, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	      (y)*	  	Form of Company’s Restricted Stock Agreement under the 1996 Stock Incentive Plan. Exhibit 10(cc) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	      (z)*	  	Form of Company’s Restricted Stock Agreement under the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan. Exhibit 10(dd) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (aa)*	  	Summary of the Company’s Financial Planning Program for eight executive officers. Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 15, 2005, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (bb)*	  	Form of Combined Option and Restricted Stock Agreement with Restrictive Covenants under the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan. Exhibit 10(ee) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (cc)	  	Five-Year Credit Agreement. Exhibit 10 to the Company’s 8-K filed on July 14, 2006, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (dd)	  	Agreement between the United States Department of Defense and Humana Military Healthcare Services, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company dated as September 1, 2003. Exhibit 10(gg) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (ee)	  	Form of CMS Coordinated Care Plan Agreement. Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	     (ff)	  	Form of CMS Private Fee for Service Agreement. Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (gg)	  	Addendum to Agreement Providing for the Operation of a Medicare Voluntary Prescription Drug Plan. Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (hh)	  	Addendum to Agreement Providing for the Operation of an Employer/Union-only Group Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug Plan. Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 
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 	  	 10(ii)	  	Addendum to Agreement Providing for the Operation of an Employer/Union-only Group Medicare Advantage-Only Plan. Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	     (jj)	  	Addendum to Agreement Providing for the Operation of a Medicare Advantage Regional Coordinated Care Plan. Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	    (kk)	  	Explanatory Note regarding Medicare Prescription Drug Plan Contracts between Humana and CMS. Exhibit 10(nn) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	     (jj)	  	Underwriting Agreement dated May 25, 2006 among the Company, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC as representatives of the several Underwriters. Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s 8-K filed on May 26, 2006, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	12	  	Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges, filed herewith.	
 	 	 	
 	  	14	  	Code of Conduct for Chief Executive Officer & Senior Financial Officers. Exhibit 14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, is incorporated by reference herein.	
 	 	 	
 	  	21	  	List of subsidiaries, filed herewith.	
 	 	 	
 	  	23	  	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, filed herewith.	
 	 	 	
 	  	31.1	  	CEO certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), filed herewith.	
 	 	 	
 	  	31.2	  	CFO certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), filed herewith.	
 	 	 	
 	  	32	  	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes—Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith.	

*	Exhibits 10(a) through and including 10(bb) are compensatory plans or management contracts.	
 
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Humana Inc.
SCHEDULE I—PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	
 	  	(in thousands, except share
amounts)	 	
ASSETS	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	319,340	 	 	$	169,206	 	
Investment securities	  	 	105,024	 	 	 	250,399	 	
Receivable from operating subsidiaries	  	 	330,891	 	 	 	197,172	 	
Securities lending collateral	  	 	1,081	 	 	 	1,983	 	
Other current assets	  	 	325,002	 	 	 	87,833	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	1,081,338	 	 	 	706,593	 	
Property and equipment, net	  	 	407,345	 	 	 	352,013	 	
Investments in subsidiaries	  	 	4,117,757	 	 	 	3,159,349	 	
Notes receivable from operating subsidiaries	  	 	—  	 	 	 	7,000	 	
Other	  	 	44,278	 	 	 	58,320	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	  	$	5,650,718	 	 	$	4,283,275	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Payable to operating subsidiaries	  	$	902,463	 	 	$	568,313	 	
Current portion of notes payable to operating subsidiaries	  	 	27,600	 	 	 	27,600	 	
Book overdraft	  	 	56,153	 	 	 	46,847	 	
Other current liabilities	  	 	254,205	 	 	 	230,947	 	
Securities lending payable	  	 	1,081	 	 	 	1,983	 	
Current portion of long-term debt	  	 	—  	 	 	 	301,254	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	1,241,502	 	 	 	1,176,944	 	
Long-term debt	  	 	1,269,100	 	 	 	513,790	 	
Notes payable to operating subsidiaries	  	 	18,000	 	 	 	18,000	 	
Other	  	 	68,230	 	 	 	65,667	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities	  	 	2,596,832	 	 	 	1,774,401	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commitments and contingencies	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stockholders’ equity:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Preferred stock, $1 par; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Common stock, $0.16 2/3 par; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 182,947,691 shares issued in 2006, and 179,062,807 shares issued in 2005	  	 	30,491	 	 	 	29,843	 	
Treasury stock, at cost, 16,314,151 shares in 2006, and 15,846,384 shares in 2005	  	 	(229,575	)	 	 	(203,364	)	
Other stockholders’ equity	  	 	3,252,970	 	 	 	2,682,395	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	  	 	3,053,886	 	 	 	2,508,874	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	  	$	5,650,718	 	 	$	4,283,275	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to the parent company financial statements.
 
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Humana Inc.
SCHEDULE I—PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 	  	For the year ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2006	  	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Revenues:	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Management fees charged to operating subsidiaries	  	$	798,472	  	$	581,362	 	 	$	502,833	 	
Investment income and other income, net	  	 	91,109	  	 	23,657	 	 	 	18,312	 	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	 	889,581	  	 	605,019	 	 	 	521,145	 	
Expenses:	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	676,613	  	 	499,787	 	 	 	423,614	 	
Depreciation	  	 	96,215	  	 	81,634	 	 	 	87,597	 	
Interest	  	 	63,587	  	 	40,935	 	 	 	24,857	 	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	 	836,415	  	 	622,356	 	 	 	536,068	 	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries	  	 	53,166	  	 	(17,337	)	 	 	(14,923	)	
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	  	 	25,181	  	 	(44,174	)	 	 	(20,482	)	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before equity in net earnings of subsidiaries	  	 	27,985	  	 	26,837	 	 	 	5,559	 	
Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries	  	 	459,438	  	 	269,893	 	 	 	264,388	 	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	$	487,423	  	$	296,730	 	 	$	269,947	 	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to the parent company financial statements.
 
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Humana Inc.
SCHEDULE I—PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 	  	For the year ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2006	 	 	2005	 	 	2004	 	
 	  	(in thousands)	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	  	$	330,722	 	 	$	414,790	 	 	$	263,027	 	
 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from investing activities:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Acquisitions	  	 	(2,810	)	 	 	(498,948	)	 	 	—  	 	
Purchases of investment securities	  	 	(119,753	)	 	 	(200,048	)	 	 	(989,757	)	
Proceeds from sale of investment securities	  	 	264,439	 	 	 	193,391	 	 	 	812,796	 	
Maturities of investment securities	  	 	29,005	 	 	 	22,041	 	 	 	56,740	 	
Purchases of property and equipment, net	  	 	(147,719	)	 	 	(141,124	)	 	 	(98,953	)	
Capital contributions to operating subsidiaries	  	 	(723,501	)	 	 	(116,000	)	 	 	(5,201	)	
Surplus note redemption from operating subsidiaries	  	 	7,000	 	 	 	10,000	 	 	 	—  	 	
Change in securities lending collateral	  	 	902	 	 	 	6,008	 	 	 	(7,991	)	
Other	  	 	29	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(4,726	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	  	 	(692,408	)	 	 	(724,680	)	 	 	(237,092	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from financing activities:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Borrowings under credit agreement	  	 	550,000	 	 	 	494,000	 	 	 	—  	 	
Repayments under credit agreement	  	 	(300,000	)	 	 	(294,000	)	 	 	—  	 	
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes	  	 	498,545	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Repayments of senior notes	  	 	(300,000	)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Debt issue costs	  	 	(5,980	)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(1,954	)	
Change in book overdraft	  	 	9,306	 	 	 	(6,679	)	 	 	(77,422	)	
Change in securities lending payable	  	 	(902	)	 	 	(6,008	)	 	 	7,991	 	
Common stock repurchases	  	 	(26,211	)	 	 	(2,364	)	 	 	(67,024	)	
Tax benefit from stock-based compensation	  	 	38,839	 	 	 	15,545	 	 	 	3,748	 	
Proceeds from stock option exercises and other	  	 	48,223	 	 	 	35,734	 	 	 	29,918	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	  	 	511,820	 	 	 	236,228	 	 	 	(104,743	)	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	  	 	150,134	 	 	 	(73,662	)	 	 	(78,808	)	
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	  	 	169,206	 	 	 	242,868	 	 	 	321,676	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	  	$	319,340	 	 	$	169,206	 	 	$	242,868	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to the parent company financial statements.
 
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Humana Inc.
SCHEDULE I—PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Parent company financial information has been derived from our consolidated financial statements and excludes the accounts of all operating subsidiaries. This information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements.
We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, or SFAS 123R, on January 1, 2006. We have adjusted prior period amounts to reflect the effect of expensing stock awards under the modified retrospective application method of SFAS 123R as discussed in Note 11 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2. TRANSACTIONS WITH SUBSIDIARIES
Management Fee
Through intercompany service agreements approved, if required, by state regulatory authorities, Humana Inc., our parent company, charges a management fee for reimbursement of certain centralized services provided to its subsidiaries including information systems, disbursement, investment and cash administration, marketing, legal, finance, and medical and executive management oversight.
Dividends
Cash dividends received from subsidiaries and included as a component of net cash provided by operating activities were $247.5 million in 2006, $236.0 million in 2005 and $126.0 million in 2004.
Guarantee
Through indemnity agreements approved by state regulatory authorities, certain of our regulated subsidiaries generally are guaranteed by our parent company in the event of insolvency for; (1) member coverage for which premium payment has been made prior to insolvency; (2) benefits for members then hospitalized until discharged; and (3) payment to providers for services rendered prior to insolvency. Our parent has also guaranteed the obligations of our TRICARE subsidiaries.
Notes Receivables from Operating Subsidiaries
We funded certain subsidiaries with surplus note agreements. These notes are generally non-interest bearing and may not be entered into or repaid without the prior approval of the applicable Departments of Insurance.
Notes Payable to Operating Subsidiaries
We borrowed funds from certain subsidiaries with notes generally collateralized by real estate. These notes, which have various payment and maturity terms, bear interest ranging from 5.65% to 6.65% and are payable between 2007 and 2009. We recorded interest expense of $2.6 million, $2.2 million and $1.7 million related to these notes for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
3. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Certain of our subsidiaries operate in states that regulate the payment of dividends, loans, or other cash transfers to Humana Inc., our parent company, and require minimum levels of equity as well as limit investments
 
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Humana Inc.
SCHEDULE I—PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
to approved securities. The amount of dividends that may be paid to Humana Inc. by these subsidiaries, without prior approval by state regulatory authorities, is limited based on the entity’s level of statutory income and statutory capital and surplus. In most states, prior notification is provided before paying a dividend even if approval is not required.
As of December 31, 2006, we maintained aggregate statutory capital and surplus of $2,066.0 million in our state regulated subsidiaries. Each of these subsidiaries was in compliance with applicable statutory requirements which aggregated $1,430.3 million. Although the minimum required levels of equity are largely based on premium volume, product mix, and the quality of assets held, minimum requirements can vary significantly at the state level.
Most states rely on risk-based capital requirements, or RBC, to define their required levels of equity discussed above. RBC is a model developed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners to monitor an entity’s solvency. This calculation indicates recommended minimum levels of required capital and surplus and signals regulatory measures should actual surplus fall below these recommended levels. If RBC were adopted by the remaining states and Puerto Rico at December 31, 2006, each of our subsidiaries would be in substantial compliance and we would have $516.2 million of aggregate capital and surplus above any of the levels that require corrective action under RBC, or individual state requirements.
4. ACQUISITIONS
Refer to Note 3 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of acquisitions.
5. INCOME TAXES
The reduction in 2005 tax expense primarily related to the recognition of a $22.8 million contingent tax benefit and associated $3.1 million reversal of accrued interest resulting from the resolution of an uncertain tax position associated with the 2000 tax year during the first quarter of 2005 in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations. Refer to Note 9 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of income taxes.
 
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Humana Inc.
SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004
(in thousands)

 	  	 	  	 	  	Additions	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	Balance at
Beginning
of Period	  	Acquired
Balances	  	Charged
(Credited) to
Costs and
Expenses	 	 	Charged to
Other
Accounts(1)	 	 	Deductions
or
Write-offs	 	 	Balance at
End of
Period	
Allowance for loss on receivables:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2006	  	$	32,557	  	$	—  	  	$	20,901	 	 	$	(717	)	 	$	(7,152	)	 	$	45,589	
2005	  	 	34,506	  	 	—  	  	 	4,566	 	 	 	(1,027	)	 	 	(5,488	)	 	 	32,557	
2004	  	 	40,400	  	 	355	  	 	6,433	 	 	 	(1,338	)	 	 	(11,344	)	 	 	34,506	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2006	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	
2005	  	 	20,123	  	 	—  	  	 	(5,198	)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(14,925	)	 	 	—  	
2004	  	 	26,978	  	 	—  	  	 	(6,855	)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	20,123	

(1)	Represents changes in retroactive membership adjustments to premium revenues as more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.	
 
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.

HUMANA INC.	
 	 	
By:  	 	/s/    JAMES H. BLOEM        	

 	 	James H. Bloem	
 	 	Senior Vice President and	
 	 	Chief Financial Officer	
 	 	(Principal Financial Officer)	
 	 	
Date:	 	 February 23, 2007	
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Company and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

Signature	  	Title	 	Date	
 	 	 	
/s/    JAMES H. BLOEM        
James H. Bloem	  	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)	 	February 23, 2007	
 	 	 	
/s/    STEVEN E. MCCULLEY        
Steven E. McCulley	  	Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)	 	February 23, 2007	
 	 	 	
/s/    DAVID A. JONES, JR.        
David A. Jones, Jr.	  	Chairman of the Board	 	February 23, 2007	
 	 	 	
/s/    FRANK A. D’AMELIO        
Frank A. D’Amelio	  	Director	 	February 23, 2007	
 	 	 	
/s/    W. ROY DUNBAR        
W. Roy Dunbar	  	Director	 	February 23, 2007	
 	 	 	
/s/    KURT J. HILZINGER        
Kurt J. Hilzinger	  	Director	 	February 23, 2007	
 	 	 	
/s/    MICHAEL B. MCCALLISTER        
Michael B. McCallister	  	Director, President and Chief Executive Officer	 	February 23 2007	
 	 	 	
/s/    JAMES J. O’BRIEN        
James J. O’Brien	  	Director	 	February 23, 2007	
 	 	 	
/s/    W. ANN REYNOLDS, PH.D.        
W. Ann Reynolds, Ph.D.	  	Director	 	February 23, 2007	
 	 	 	
/s/    JAMES O. ROBBINS        
James O. Robbins	  	Director	 	February 23, 2007	
 
112

Exhibit 3(b)

 	 	 	  	 	  	Restated November 12, 1997	
 	 	 	  	 	  	Amended January 4, 2007	
BY-LAWS OF
HUMANA INC.
ARTICLE I
Meetings of Stockholders
Section 1.1 Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as properly may come before such meeting shall be held on such date, and at such time and place within or without the State of Delaware as may be designated by the Board of Directors.
Section 1.2 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by law, may be called at any time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President, to be held on such date, and at such time and place within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, whichever has called the meeting, shall direct. A special meeting of the stockholders shall be called by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President whenever stockholders owning one-fourth of the shares of the Corporation then issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on matters to be submitted to stockholders of the Corporation shall make application therefor in writing. Any such written request shall state a proper purpose or purposes of the meeting and shall be delivered to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.
Section 1.3 Notice of Meeting. Written notice of every meeting of the stockholders shall be given by, or at the direction of, the person authorized to call the meeting, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting, at his address appearing on the books of the Corporation or supplied by him to the Corporation for the purpose of notice. The notice of every meeting of the stockholders shall specify the place, day and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the matter or matters to be acted upon at such meeting. Only the matter or matters specified in the notice of a special meeting shall be acted upon thereat. All notices of meetings of the stockholders shall be mailed at least ten days before the time of the meeting.
The notice of every meeting of the stockholders may be accompanied by a form of proxy approved by the Board of Directors in favor of such person or persons as the Board of Directors may select.
Section 1.4 Quorum. Except where otherwise provided by law or these By-laws, the presence at any meeting, in person or by proxy, of the holders of record of a majority of the shares then issued and outstanding and entitled to vote shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.
Section 1.5 Adjournments. In the absence of a quorum, a majority in interest of the stockholders entitled to vote, present in person or by proxy, or, if no stockholder entitled to vote is present in person or by proxy, any officer entitled to preside or act as secretary of such meeting, may adjourn the meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present. At any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.
Section 1.6 Voting. A nominee for director shall be elected to the Board of Directors if the votes cast for such nominee’s election exceed the votes cast against such nominee’s election; provided, however, that directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at meeting of stockholders for which (i) the Secretary of the Corporation receives a notice that a stockholder has nominated a person for election to the Board of Directors in compliance with the advance notice requirements for stockholder nominees for director set forth in Article I, Section 1.10 of these By-laws and (ii) such nomination has not been withdrawn by such stockholder on
 
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or before the tenth day before the Corporation first mails its notice of meeting for such meeting to the stockholders. If directors are to be elected by a plurality of the votes cast, stockholders shall not be permitted to vote against a nominee. All other questions submitted to stockholders shall be determined by a majority of the votes cast affirmatively or negatively on such question, except where otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or the By-laws. All voting shall be on a non-cumulative basis.
Section 1.7 Proxies. Any stockholder entitled to vote may vote by proxy, provided that the instrument authorizing such proxy to act shall have been executed in writing (which shall include telegraphing or cabling) by the stockholder or by his duly authorized attorney-in-fact and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation.
Section 1.8 Judges of Election. The Board of Directors may appoint judges of election to serve at any election of directors and at balloting on any other matter that may properly come before a meeting of stockholders. If no such appointment shall be made, or if any of the judges so appointed shall fail to attend, or refuse to or be unable to serve, then such appointment may be made by the presiding officer at the meeting.
Section 1.9 Stockholder Proposals. At an annual meeting of stockholders only such business shall be conducted, and only such proposals shall be acted upon, as shall have been properly brought before the annual meeting of stockholders (a) by, or at the direction of, the Board of Directors or (b) by a stockholder of the Corporation who complies with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.9. For business or a proposal to be properly brought before an annual meeting of stockholders by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to the scheduled date of the annual meeting, regardless of any postponement, deferral or adjournment of that meeting to a later date; provided, however, that if less than 70 days’ notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered or received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the earlier of (i) the day on which such notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or (ii) the day on which such public disclosure was made.
A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before an annual meeting of stockholders (i) a description, in 500 words or less, of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, of the stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such proposal, (iii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such stockholder on the date of such stockholder’s notice and by any other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such proposal on the date of such stockholder’s notice, (iv) a description, in 500 words or less, of any interest of the stockholder in such proposal, and (v) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to present the proposal specified in the notice. Notwithstanding anything in these By-Laws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.9.
The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that the business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures prescribed by this Section 1.9, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 1.9 shall be interpreted or construed to require the inclusion of information about any such proposal in any proxy statement distributed by, at the direction of, or on behalf of, the Board of Directors.
The provisions of this Section 1.9 shall be applicable to annual meetings of stockholders after the 1993 annual meeting of stockholders.
 
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Section 1.10 Stockholder Nominations. Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, only persons nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.10 shall be eligible for election as directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders or special meeting of stockholders called by the Board of Directors for the purpose of electing directors (i) by or at the direction of the Board or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors at such meeting who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.10. Such nominations, other than those made by or at the direction of the Board, shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to the scheduled date of the meeting, regardless of any postponement, deferral or adjournment of that meeting to a later date; provided, however, that if less than 70 days’ notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered or received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the earlier of (i) the day on which such notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or (ii) the day on which such public disclosure was made.
A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director (a) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (b) the principal occupation or employment of such person, (c) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such person on the date of such stockholder’s notice, (d) a statement whether such person, if elected, intends to tender, promptly following such person’s election, an irrevocable resignation effective upon such person’s failure to receive the required vote for re-election at any future meeting at which such person would face re-election and upon acceptance of such resignation by the Board of Directors, in accordance with the Corporation’s Board Practice on Director Elections which is part of the Corporate Governance Guidelines and (e) any other information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor statute thereto (the “Exchange Act”) (including without limitation such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (ii) as to the stockholder giving the notice (a) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, of such stockholder and any other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such nominee(s), (b) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such stockholder on the date of such stockholder’s notice and by any other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such nominee(s) on the date of such stockholder’s notice, (c) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice; and (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder.
No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.10. The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by this Section 1.10, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
The provisions of this Section 1.10 shall be applicable to meetings of stockholders after the 1993 annual meeting of stockholders.
Section 1.11 Record Date for Written Consents. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which date shall not be more than ten (10) days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Any stockholder of record seeking to have the stockholders authorize or take corporate action by written consent shall, by written notice to the Secretary, request the Board of Directors to fix a record date. The Board of Directors shall promptly, but in all events within ten (10) days after
 
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the date on which such a request is received, adopt a resolution fixing the record date. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors within ten (10) days of the date on which such a request is received, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or any officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of stockholders meetings are recorded, to the attention of the Secretary of the Corporation. Delivery shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the date on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.
ARTICLE II
Board of Directors
Section 2.1 Number. The number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors or stockholders (any such resolution of either the Board of Directors or stockholders being subject to any later resolution of either of them) but in no event shall such number be less than three or more than fifteen.
Section 2.2 Election and Term of Office. Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders. Each director (whether elected at an annual meeting or to fill a vacancy or otherwise) shall continue in office until his successor shall have been elected or until his earlier death, resignation or removal in the manner hereinafter provided.
Section 2.3 The Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall be elected from among the members of the Board of Directors. If present, he shall preside at all meetings of stockholders and the Board of Directors and he shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. He may sign, with any officer thereunto duly authorized, certificates of stock of the Corporation the issuance of which shall have been duly authorized (the signature to which may be a facsimile signature). He shall also perform such other duties as are given to him by these By-laws or as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.
Section 2.4 Vice Chairman of the Board. The Vice Chairman of the Board shall, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, preside at all meetings of stockholders and the Board of Directors. He shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by these By-laws, the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board.
Section 2.5 Vacancies and Additional Directorships. If any vacancy shall occur among the directors by reason of death, resignation, or removal, or as the result of an increase in the number of directorships, the directors then in office shall continue to act and may fill any such vacancy by a vote of the directors then in office (including any directors who have submitted their resignation but whose resignation has not become effective), though less than a quorum. If the whole board shall submit their resignations, said board, prior to the effectiveness of their resignations, may elect their successors who will take office upon such resignations.
Section 2.6 Meetings. A meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held for organization, for the election of officers and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting, within thirty days after each annual election of directors. The Board of Directors by resolution may provide for the holding of regular meetings and may fix the time and places at which such meetings shall be held. Notice of regular meetings shall not be required to be given, provided that whenever the time or place of regular meetings shall be fixed or changed, notice of such action shall be mailed promptly to each director who shall not have been present at the meeting at which such action was taken, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or any three directors. Except as otherwise required by statute, notice of each special meeting shall be mailed to each director addressed to him at
 
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his residence or usual place of business, or shall be sent to him at such place by telegram, radio or cable, or telephoned or delivered to him personally, not later than two days before the day on which the meeting is to be held. Such notice shall state the time and place of such meeting but, unless otherwise required by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or these By-laws, need not state the purposes thereof. Notice of any meeting need not be given to any director who shall attend such meeting in person or who shall waive notice thereof, before or after such meeting in writing or by telegram, radio or cable. Meetings of the directors may be held by the directors participating in the same by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting in such manner shall constitute presence in person by all persons so participating. Meetings may also be held in such other manner authorized or permitted by Delaware law. Whenever the laws of the State of Delaware authorize or permit directors to act other than at a meeting, including, but not limited to, acting through unanimous or other written consents, then such actions shall be as effective as if taken by the directors at a meeting.
Section 2.7 Quorum. A majority of the total number of members of the Board of Directors as constituted from time to time shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of those present at the time and place of any meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, a majority of the Directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present may decide any question properly brought before such meeting.
Section 2.8 Resignation of Directors. Any director may resign at any time by giving written notice of such resignation to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer or the President. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time, or upon the happening of an event, specified therein or, if no time or event is specified, upon receipt thereof by the Board of Directors or one of the above named officers; and, unless specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
Section 2.9 Removal of Directors. At any special meeting of the stockholders, duly called as provided in these By-laws, any director or directors may, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of all the shares of stock outstanding and entitled to vote for the election of directors, be removed from office, either with or without cause. At such meeting a successor or successors may be elected, or if any such vacancy is not so filled, it may be filled by the directors as provided in Section 2.5.
Section 2.10 Compensation of Directors. Directors shall receive such reasonable compensation for their services as such, whether in the form of salary of a fixed fee for attendance at meetings, with expenses, if any, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
ARTICLE III
Committees of the Board
Section 3.1 Executive Committee. There shall be an Executive Committee of the Corporation, consisting of not less than three nor more than seven members of the Board of Directors, including the Chairman of the Board, as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, shall elect the members of the Executive Committee and shall fill any vacancy in the Executive Committee. The members of the Executive Committee shall hold office until the first meeting of the Board of Directors after the next succeeding annual meeting of the stockholders and until their successors are elected.
All action of the Executive Committee shall be reported to the Board of Directors, and, when the Board of Directors of the Corporation is not in session, the Executive Committee shall have and exercise the authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business, affairs and property of the Corporation.
 
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Section 3.2 Other Committees. The Board of Directors may from time to time appoint such further standing or special committees as it may deem for the best interest of the Corporation, but no such committee shall have any powers, except such as are expressly conferred upon it by the Board of Directors. Each committee referred to in this Article III shall act only as a committee and the individual members shall have no power as such.
Section 3.3 Meetings, Notices and Records. Each committee may provide for the holding of regular meetings, with or without notice, and may fix the time and place at which such meetings shall be held. Special meetings of each committee shall be held upon call by or at the direction of its chairman or, if there be no chairman, by or at the direction of any two of its members, at the time and place specified in the respective notices or waivers of notice thereof. Notice of each special meeting of a committee shall be mailed to each member of such committee, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, at least two days before the day on which the meeting is to be held, or shall be sent by telegram, radio or cable, addressed to him at such place, or telephoned or delivered to him personally, not later than the day before the day on which the meeting is to be held. Notice of any meeting of a committee need not be given to any member thereof who shall attend the meeting or who shall waive notice thereof by telegram, radio, cable or other writing. Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be given. Each committee shall keep a record of its proceedings, and report the same to the Board of Directors when required. Meetings of the committees may be held by the members of the committees participating in the same by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting in such manner shall constitute presence in person by all persons so participating. Meetings may also be held in such other manner authorized or permitted by Delaware law. Whenever the laws of the State of Delaware authorize or permit members of the committees to act other than at a meeting, including but not limited to acting through unanimous or other written consents, then such actions shall be as effective as if taken by the committee at a meeting.
Section 3.4 Quorum and Manner of Acting. At each meeting of any committee the presence of a majority but not less than two of its members then in office shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of the members present at any meeting at which a quorum is not present at the time and place of any meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time and until a quorum shall be present. Subject to the foregoing and other provisions of these By-laws and except as otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, each committee may make rules for the conduct of its business. Any determination made in writing and signed by all the members of such committee shall be as effective as if made by such committee at a meeting.
Section 3.5 Resignations. Any member of a committee may resign at any time by giving written notice of such resignation to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President. Unless otherwise specified in such notice, such resignation shall take effect upon receipt thereof by the Board or any such officer.
Section 3.6 Removal. Any member of any committee may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors with or without cause.
Section 3.7 Vacancies. If any vacancy shall occur in any committee by reason of death, resignation, disqualification, removal or otherwise, the remaining members of such committee, though less than a quorum, shall continue to act until such vacancy is filled by the Board of Directors.
Section 3.8 Compensation. Committee members shall receive such reasonable compensation for their services as such, whether in the form of salary or a fixed fee for attendance at meetings, with expenses, if any, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any committee member from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
 
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ARTICLE IV
Officers
Section 4.1 Number. The officers of the Corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a President, such Vice-Presidents (including Executive Vice-Presidents or Senior Vice-Presidents) as may from time to time be necessary or desirable, a Secretary, who may have one or more assistant secretaries, a Treasurer, who may have one or more assistant treasurers, and such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.
Section 4.2 Election, Term of Office and Qualifications. Each officer (except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.3) shall be elected by the Board of Directors. Each such officer (whether elected at the first meeting of the Board of Directors after the annual meeting of stockholders or to fill a vacancy or otherwise) shall hold his office until the first meeting of the Board of Directors after the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor shall have been elected, or until his death, or until he shall have resigned in the manner provided in Section 4.4 or shall have been removed in the manner provided in Section 4.5.
Section 4.3 Subordinate Officers and Agents. The Board of Directors from time to time may appoint other officers or agents to hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as are provided in these By-laws or as may be provided in the resolutions appointing them. The Board of Directors may delegate to any officer or agent the power to appoint any such subordinate officers or agents and to prescribe their respective terms of office, authorities and duties, and unless such power is removed by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer and the President shall have the power to appoint and remove Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers.
Section 4.4 Resignations. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice of such resignation to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. Unless otherwise specified in such written notice, such resignation shall take effect upon receipt thereof by the Board of Directors or any such officer.
Section 4.5 Removal. Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, at any meeting of the Board of Directors by the vote of a majority of all the directors then in office. Any officer or agent appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.3 may be removed, with or without cause, by the Board of Directors at any meeting, by the vote of a majority of the directors present at such meeting, or by any officer or agent upon whom such power of removal shall have been conferred by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.6 Vacancies. A vacancy in any office by reason of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled for the unexpired portion of the term in the manner prescribed by these By-laws for regular election or appointment to such office.
Section 4.7 The Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall be the principal executive officer of the Corporation and may be elected from among the members of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board or President may be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. Subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, he shall have general charge of the business, affairs and property of the Corporation and general supervision over its officers and agents. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board and the Vice Chairman of the Board, he shall preside at all meetings of stockholders and he shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. He may sign, with any other officer thereunto duly authorized, certificates of stock of the Corporation the issuance of which shall have been duly authorized (the signature to which may be a facsimile signature), and may sign and execute in the name of the Corporation deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, agreements or other instruments duly authorized by the Board of Directors except in cases where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent. From time to time, he shall report to the Board of Directors all matters within his knowledge which the interests of the Corporation may require to be brought to its attention. He shall also perform such other duties as are given to him by these By-laws or as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.
 
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Section 4.8 The President. The President shall be an executive officer of the Corporation and may also be the Chief Executive Officer, as determined by the Board of Directors. Subject to the direction of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer, the President shall have supervision of the business of the Corporation and its other officers and agents. He may sign, with any other officer thereunto duly authorized, certificates of stock of the Corporation the issuance of which shall have been duly authorized (the signature to which may be a facsimile signature), and may sign and execute in the name of the Corporation, deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, agreements or other instruments duly authorized by the Board of Directors except in cases where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent. From time to time, he shall report to the Board of Directors all matters within his knowledge which the interests of the Corporation may require to be brought to its attention. He shall also perform such other duties as are given to him by these By-laws, or from time to time may be assigned to him by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors.
Section 4.9 The Vice Presidents. The Vice Presidents shall perform such duties and exercise such authority as shall from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, and, in the order of their seniority, or in any other order as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine, shall, in the absence of the President, have all the powers of and be subject to all restrictions upon the President.
Section 4.10 The Secretary. The Secretary shall
(a) Record all the proceedings of the meetings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors, and any committees in a book or books to be kept for that purpose;
(b) Cause all notices to be duly given in accordance with the provisions of these By-laws and as required by statute;
(c) Whenever any committee shall be appointed in pursuance of a resolution of the Board of Directors, furnish the chairman of such committee with a copy of such resolution;
(d) Be custodian of the records and of the seal of the Corporation, and cause such seal to be affixed to all certificates representing stock of the Corporation prior to the issuance thereof and to all instruments the execution of which on behalf of the Corporation under its seal shall have been duly authorized;
(e) See that the lists, books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by statute are properly kept and filed;
(f) Have charge of the stock and transfer books of the Corporation, and exhibit such stock book at all reasonable times to such persons as are entitled by statute to have access thereto;
(g) Sign (unless the Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer shall sign) certificates representing stock of the Corporation the issuance of which shall have been duly authorized (the signature to which may be a facsimile signature); and
(h) In general, perform all duties incident to the office of the Secretary and such other duties as are given to him by these By-laws or as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.
Section 4.11 Assistant Secretaries. At the request of the Secretary or in his absence or disability, the Assistant Secretary designated by him (or in the absence of such designation, the Assistant Secretary designated by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President) shall perform all duties of the Secretary, and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all restrictions upon the Secretary. The Assistant Secretaries shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to them respectively by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary.
 
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Section 4.12 The Treasurer. The Treasurer shall
(a) Have charge of and supervision over and be responsible for the funds, securities, receipts and disbursements of the Corporation;
(b) Cause the moneys and other valuable effects of the Corporation to be deposited in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such banks or trust companies or with such bankers or other depositaries as shall be selected in accordance with Section 5.3 of these By-laws or to be otherwise dealt with in such manner as the Board of Directors may direct;
(c) Cause the funds of the Corporation to be disbursed by checks or drafts upon the authorized depositaries of the Corporation, and cause to be taken and preserved proper vouchers for all moneys disbursed;
(d) Render to the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, whenever requested, a statement of the financial condition of the Corporation and of all his transactions as Treasurer;
(e) Cause to be kept at the Corporation’s principal office correct books of account of all its business and transactions and such duplicate books of account as he shall determine and upon application cause such books or duplicates thereof to be exhibited to any director;
(f) Be empowered, from time to time, to require from the officers or agents of the Corporation, reports or statements giving such information as he may desire with respect to any and all financial transactions of the Corporation;
(g) Sign (unless the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer shall sign) certificates representing stock of the Corporation, the issuance of which shall have been duly authorized (the signature to which may be a facsimile signature); and
(h) In general, perform all duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as are given to him by these By-laws or as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.
Section 4.13 Assistant Treasurers. At the request of the Treasurer or in his absence or disability, the Assistant Treasurer designated by him (or in the absence of such designation, the Assistant Treasurer designated by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President) shall perform all the duties of the Treasurer, and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all restrictions upon the Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurers shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to them respectively by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Treasurer.
Section 4.14 Surety Bonds. If the Board of Directors shall so require, any officer or agent of the Corporation shall execute to the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as the Board of Directors may direct, conditioned upon the faithful discharge of his duties, including responsibility for negligence and for the accounting for all property, funds or securities of the Corporation which may come into his hands.
ARTICLE V
Execution of Instruments and Deposit
of Corporate Funds
Section 5.1 Execution of Instruments Generally. The Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Secretary or the Treasurer, subject to the approval of the Board of Directors, may enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authorization may be general or confined to specific instances. Such authorization may include, but shall not be limited to, the power to fix the price at which any shares, debentures or other securities are to be sold by the Corporation.
 
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Section 5.2 Borrowing. No loans or advances shall be obtained by or contracted for, by or on behalf of the Corporation and no negotiable paper shall be issued in its name, unless and except as authorized by the Board of Directors. Such authorization may be general or confined to specific instances. Any officer or agent of the Corporation thereunto so authorized may obtain loans and advances, may make, execute and deliver promissory notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation and, in connection therewith, may fix the interest rate payable by the Corporation thereunder. Any officer or agent of the Corporation thereunto so authorized may pledge, hypothecate or transfer as security for the payment of any and all loans, advances, indebtedness and liabilities of the Corporation, and any and all stocks, bonds, other securities and other personal property at any time held by the Corporation, and to that end may endorse, assign and deliver the same and do every act and thing necessary or proper in connection therewith.
Section 5.3 Deposits. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time its credit in such banks or trust companies or with such bankers or other depositaries as the Board of Directors may select, or as may be selected by any officer or officers or agent or agents authorized so to do by the Board of Directors. Endorsements for deposit to the credit of the Corporation in any of its duly authorized depositaries shall be made in such manner as the Board of Directors from time to time may determine.
Section 5.4 Checks, Drafts, and Orders. All checks, drafts, or other orders for the payment of money, and all notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation, shall be signed by such officer or officers or agent or agents of the Corporation, and in such manner, as from time to time shall be determined by the Board of Directors.
Section 5.5 Proxies. Proxies to vote with respect to shares of stock of other corporations owned by or standing in the name of the Corporation may be executed and delivered from time to time on behalf of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or by any other person or persons thereunto authorized by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE VI
Record Dates
Section 6.1 In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment or any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall be not more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. Only those stockholders of record on the date so fixed shall be entitled to any of the foregoing rights, notwithstanding the transfer of any such stock on the books of the Corporation after any such record date fixed by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE VII
Corporate Seal
Section 7.1 The Corporate seal shall be circular in form and shall bear the name of the Corporation and words and figures denoting its organization under the laws of the State of Delaware and the year thereof and otherwise shall be in such form as shall be approved from time to time by the Board of Directors.
 
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ARTICLE VIII
Fiscal Year
Section 8.1 The fiscal year of the Corporation shall begin on the 1st day of January in each year and end on the 31st day of December in each year.
ARTICLE IX
Amendments
Section 9.1 These By-laws may be amended, altered or repealed, and new By-laws may be made by the affirmative vote of the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote cast at any annual or special meeting, or by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors cast at any regular or special meeting at which a quorum is present.
ARTICLE X
Indemnification
Section 10.1 Right to Indemnification. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (“Proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he, or a person of whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of such Proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said Law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment) against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith; provided, however, that the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnity in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if the Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this Section 10.1 shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation expenses incurred in defending any such Proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that if the Delaware General Corporation Law requires, the payment of such expenses incurred by a director or officer in his capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such person while a director or officer, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such director or officer, to repay all amounts so advanced if it should be determined ultimately that such director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section or otherwise.
Section 10.2 Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights conferred on any person by Section 10.1 shall not be exclusive of any other right which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, by-laws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.
Section 10.3 Insurance. The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any such director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any such expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the Delaware General Corporation Law.
 
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Section 10.4 Gender and Number References. In this document the singular means the plural and the plural the singular, as appropriate, and the proper gender- male, female, or neuter- shall be deemed substituted as appropriate.
 
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Exhibit 12
Humana Inc.
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges

 	  	For the year ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2006	 	 	2005(1)	 	 	2004(1)	 	 	2003(1)	 	 	2002(1)	 	
 	  	(Dollars in thousands)	 	
Income before income taxes	  	$	762,085	 	 	$	402,880	 	 	$	399,378	 	 	$	336,213	 	 	$	203,546	 	
Fixed charges	  	 	98,045	 	 	 	66,434	 	 	 	49,246	 	 	 	40,972	 	 	 	44,349	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total earnings	  	$	860,130	 	 	$	469,314	 	 	$	448,624	 	 	$	377,185	 	 	$	247,895	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest charged to expense	  	$	63,141	 	 	$	39,315	 	 	$	23,172	 	 	$	17,367	 	 	$	17,252	 	
One-third of rent expense	  	 	34,904	 	 	 	27,119	 	 	 	26,074	 	 	 	23,605	 	 	 	27,097	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed charges	  	$	98,045	 	 	$	66,434	 	 	$	49,246	 	 	$	40,972	 	 	$	44,349	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (2)(3)	  	 	8.8	x	 	 	7.1	x	 	 	9.1	x	 	 	9.2	x	 	 	5.6	x	

Notes
 
 	(1)	We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, or SFAS 123R on January 1, 2006. We have adjusted prior period amounts to reflect the effect of expensing stock awards under the modified retrospective application method of SFAS 123R.	
 	(2)	For the purposes of determining the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings consist of income before income taxes and fixed charges. Fixed charges include gross interest expense, amortization of deferred financing expenses and an amount equivalent to interest included in rental charges. One-third of rental expense represents a reasonable approximation of the interest amount.	
 	(3)	There are no shares of preferred stock outstanding.	

EXHIBIT 21
HUMANA INC.
SUBSIDIARY LIST
DELAWARE
1.	American Tax Credit Corporate Georgia Fund III, L.L.C. (1)	
2.	Availity, L.L.C. (2)	
3.	Emphesys, Inc. – Doing Business as:	
 	a.	Texas-Emphesys, Inc. (TX)	
4.	Green Ribbon Health, L.L.C. (3)	
5.	Health Value Management, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	ChoiceCare Network	
 	b.	National Transplant Network	
6.	Humana Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	H.A.C. Inc. (KY)	
 	b.	Humana of Delaware, Inc. (CO)	
7.	Humana Innovation Enterprises, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	Personal Nurse (KY)	
8.	Humana Military Healthcare Services, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	Humana Military Health Services, Inc. (IL)	
9.	Humana Military Pharmacy Services, Inc.	
10.	Humana Pharmacy, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	Humana Mail (FL, IL, KY, TX)	
 	b.	The Pharmacy (TX)	
 	c.	PrescribIT	
 	d.	RightSource	
 	e.	RightSource Mail	
11.	HumanaDental, Inc.	
12.	HumSV, Inc.	
13.	Sensei, Inc. (4)	
FLORIDA
1.	CAC-Florida Medical Centers, LLC	
2.	CarePlus Health Plans, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	Solicare Health Plans	
3.	CPHP Holdings, Inc.	
4.	HUM-e-FL, Inc.	
5.	Humana Health Insurance Company of Florida, Inc.	
6.	Humana Medical Plan, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	Coastal Pediatrics-Daytona	
 	b.	Coastal Pediatrics-Port Orange	
 	c.	Coastal Pediatric-Ormond	
 	d.	Flagler Family Practice	
 	e.	Florida Dermatology Center	
 	f.	Humana Family	
 	g.	Humana Medical Plan-West Palm Beach	
 	h.	Internal Medicine of Daytona	
 	i.	Orange Park Family Health Care	
 	j.	Suncoast Medical Associates	
GEORGIA
1.	Humana Employers Health Plan of Georgia, Inc	

ILLINOIS
1.	INFOCUS Technology, Inc.	
2.	The Dental Concern, Ltd. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	TDC (MO)	
KENTUCKY
1.	CHA HMO, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	CHA Health (IN, KY)	
2.	CHA Service Company	
3.	Humana Active Outlook, Inc.	
4.	Humana Health Plan, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	Humana Health Care Plans of Indiana (IN)	
 	b.	Humana Health Plan Administrators (CA)	
5.	Humana Insurance Company of Kentucky	
6.	Humana MarketPOINT, Inc. (FQ) – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	Humana MarketPOINT Insurance Sales (CA)	
7.	Humco, Inc.	
8.	Preservation on Main, Inc.	
9.	The Dental Concern, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	The Dental Concern/KY, Inc. (IN)	
 	b.	The Dental Concern/KY, Inc. (MO)	
10.	515-526 West Main Street Condominium Council of Co-Owners, Inc.	
LOUISIANA
1.	Health One, Inc.	
2.	Humana Health Benefit Plan of Louisiana, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	Humana Inc.	
 	b.	Humana of Louisiana	
3.	Humana Health Plan Interests, Inc.	
NEW YORK
1.	Humana Insurance Company of New York	
OHIO
1.	Humana Health Plan of Ohio, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	ChoiceCare/Humana (IL, IN, KY, OH)	
 	b.	Humana/ChoiceCare (IL, IN, KY, OH)	
PUERTO RICO
1.	Healthcare E-Commerce Initiative, Inc.	
2.	Humana Health Plans of Puerto Rico, Inc.	
3.	Humana Insurance of Puerto Rico, Inc.	
4.	Humana MarketPOINT of Puerto Rico, Inc.	
TEXAS
1.	Corphealth Healthcare, Inc.	
2.	Corphealth, Inc.	
3.	Corphealth Provider Link, Inc.	
4.	Emphesys Insurance Company	
5.	Humana Health Plan of Texas, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	Humana Health Plan of San Antonio	

VERMONT
1.	Managed Care Indemnity, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	Witherspoon Parking Garage (KY)	
WISCONSIN
1.	CareNetwork, Inc. – Doing Business As:	
 	a.	CARENETWORK	
2.	Humana Insurance Company	
3.	Humana Wisconsin Health Organization Insurance Corporation -- Doing Business As:	
 	a.	WHOIC	
 	b.	WHO	
4.	HumanaDental Insurance Company	
5.	Independent Care Health Plan (5)	
ENGLAND & WALES
1.	Humana Health Enterprises UK, Ltd.	

(1)	Ownership is 58.1736% by Humana Insurance Company, 1.6029% by The Savannah Bank, N.A., an unaffiliated entity and 40.2133% by GMAC Insurance Georgia, L.L.C., an unaffiliated entity. It is a Delaware L.L.C. investment fund organized for the purpose of investing in apartment complexes generating Georgia state low income housing tax credits.	
 
(2)	Ownership is 32% by Hum-e-FL, Inc., 48% by Navigy, Inc., an unaffiliated entity and 20% by Health Care Service Corporation, an unaffiliated entity.	
 
(3)	Ownership is 50% by Humana Innovation Enterprises, Inc. and 50% by Pfizer Health Solutions, Inc., an unaffiliated entity.	
 
(4)	Ownership is 50% by Humana Innovation Enterprises, Inc. and 50% by Card Guard AG, an unaffiliated entity.	
 
(5)	Ownership is 50% by CareNetwork, Inc. and 50% by New Health Services, Inc., an unaffiliated entity.	

Exhibit 23
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Forms S-8 (No. 33-33072, No. 33-49305, No. 33-54455, No. 333-04435, No. 333-57095, No. 333-86801, No. 333-41408, No. 333-86280, No. 333-105622, and No. 333-134887) and S-3 (No. 333-132878) of Humana Inc. of our report dated February 23, 2007 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedules, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K.
Louisville, Kentucky
February 23, 2007

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Michael B. McCallister, principal executive officer of Humana Inc., certify that:
 
1.	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Humana Inc.;	
 
2.	Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;	
 
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;	
 
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of the annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date February 23, 2007

Signature: 	 	/s/ Michael B. McCallister	
 	 	Michael B. McCallister	
 	 	Principal Executive Officer	

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, James H. Bloem, principal financial officer of Humana Inc., certify that:
 
1.	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Humana Inc.;	
 
2.	Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;	
 
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;	
 
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of the annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date February 23, 2007

Signature: 	 	/s/ James H. Bloem	
 	 	James H. Bloem	
 	 	Principal Financial Officer	

Exhibit 32
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Humana Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2006 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Sec. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, in his capacity as an officer of Humana Inc., that:
 
(1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and	
 
(2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.	

/s/ Michael B. McCallister	
Michael B. McCallister	
President and Chief Executive Officer	
February 23, 2007

/s/ James H. Bloem	
James H. Bloem	
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
February 23, 2007
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Humana Inc. and will be retained by Humana Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.